Persecution in the Church Essay

In the book of Matthew 28 16-20 savior Christ give us what is kn sustain as the Great instruction in this passage of scripture Jesus says I have been given on the whole authority in heaven and on earth Go to the people of only nations and make them my disciples. Baptize them in the be of the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit, and teach them to do e trulything I have told you. I will be with you always, even until the residue of the world. 1 In the centuries following the crucifixion and resurrection of Jesus Christ the church building did just that. However non without resistance from local governments, Christianity was considered a rouge movement that defied the governmental establishments of the date.While Christians were simply seeking to defy their life in worship to the living God, the government especially in the popish Empire truism them as outliers and a threat to the roman way of life. While new(prenominal) religions were generally accepted by the roman govern ment, Christianity was different. papisticals were religious people, they had their pantheon of gods, just now they did not see Christianity as a religion, they saw it as superstitio or a superstition. In fact Pliny a Roman governor circa 110 AD cal lead Christianity superstition interpreted to extravagant lengths. 2 Roman distrust for this new religion continued to swell with each century. around emperor moth butterflys were tolerant and some were intolerant to the point of toss offing Christian non-conformist.Despite growing and widespread persecutions, imprisonments, and calvarys2. Robert L. Wilkin, The godliness of the Persecutors. Christian tale, Issue 27 (Vol. XI, No. 3), p. 18Church of Jesus Christ grew. Through the bravery, tenacity, and brass of first Christian men and women we today have a surviving legacy of the Gospel of Jesus Christ. When it would have been easier to succumb to the Roman government and its edicts and religious institutions, God gave his people the willingness and power to stand up for what they knew was the truth. The Roman Government thought they could intimidate Christians to silence but they were wrong.Persecution of the church alternateed almost at the arising and continued sporadically through the next wholeness-third hundred and fifty years. During this accomplishment Christians endures minor persecutions to the to a immenseer extent extreme measures of persecution. At meters the persecutions were local and at times they were empire wide. There was generally what is considered tem great periods of persecution.History of PersecutionsThe Persecution under Emperor Nero in Circa 64-68ADThe Persecution under Emperor Nero was the beginning of what is considered the ten periods of persecution. it was under Neros rule that the Apostle Paul was martyriseed. At his second trial beforehand Nero he knew that he would not be acquitted of the offences against him, the Roman government saw him as a threat and wanted him d ead. His exact direction of decease is unknown except it is generally accepted that he was beheaded.3 Nero is also responsible for the _________________________3. Albert Barnes, Scenes and Incidents in the life history of the Apostle Paul Viewed as Illustrating the Nature and Influence of the Christian Religion (Ulan Press, 2012), 1. Martyrdom of the apostle Peter. Peter was by all accounts crucified, but he was said that he felt himself to be unworthy to be put to expiration in the same manner as his Master, and was therefore, at hisown request, crucified with his head downward.4 this was only the Beginning of the persecutions, legion(predicate) more followedPersecution under Domitian (r. 81-96).The Emperor Domitian was a cruel man, not only to Christians he murdered his own brother, and killed high ranking governmental officials so that he could confiscate their land and estates. He successfully increase the second persecution of Christians by demanding that allone who came from the lineage of David be killed. Fabricated stories were made up about Christian during this time in order to s bring off the roman public. For example people were told that just about any innate disaster was the fault of the Christians. Christians were brought before the magistrates and ordered to take a test pest, if the person failed to take the oath they were sentenced to goal, if they claimed faith in Jesus the same sentence was pronounced. The Roman government passed a law, That no Christian, at once brought before the tribunal, should be exempted from punishment without renouncing his religion.5 The notable martyrs during this persecution were St. John, who was boiled in oil, and afterward banished to Patmos. Simeon, bishop of Jerusalem, who was crucified and Flavia, the daughter of a Roman senator, was also banished to Pontus6 _________________________4. William Byron Forbush, ed., throw aways Book of Martyrs a History of the Lives, Sufferings, and Deaths of the p roto(prenominal) Christian and Protestant Martyrs ( thousand Rapids Zondervan, 1978), Chapter 11. 5. William Byron Forbush, ed., dodgers Book of Martyrs a History of the Lives, Sufferings, and Deaths of the archaeozoic Christian and Protestant Martyrs (Grand Rapids Zondervan, 1978), Chapter 11. 6. ibidPersecution under Trajan (112-117)During the third Persecution, the persecution of Trajan from 122-117 AD Christianity was officially outlawed, however the government of Rome did not seek out Christians to imprison or kill them at this time. If a Christian was imprisoned for some reason during this persecution they would havehowever been killed in oddly gruesome ways. For example many Christians were crucified on Mt. Ararat, the officials would use crowns of thorns as well as pierce the sides of Christians in mockery mimicking what was done to Jesus himself. Ignatius was probably the most noted martyr during this period. Appointed the Bishop of Antioch after Peter, because he confes sed Christ he was handed over to the senile beast as tradition holds. He wrote to the church in Rome saying Now I begin to be a disciple.I care for nothing, of visible or invisible things, so that I may but win Christ. Let conjure and the cross, let the companies of wild beasts, let breaking of bones and tearing of limbs, let the grinding of the whole body, and all the malice of the devil, come upon me be it so, only may I win Christ Jesus I am the wheat of Christ I am going to be ground with the teeth of wild beasts, that I may be found pure bread. 7 Finally during this time Quadratus, bishop of Athens, made an vindication to the emperor on behalf of Christians. This apology coupled with an epistle written by a philosopher in the city, relaxed the emperors views toward Christians to relent8 _________________________7. William Byron Forbush, ed., obscures Book of Martyrs a History of the Lives, Sufferings, and Deaths of the Early Christian and Protestant Martyrs (Grand Rapids Zo ndervan, 1978), Chapter 11 8. ibidPersecution under Marcus Aurelius (r. 161-180)During the persecution under Marchs Aureluis, The twisting Christians received during this period, was so grievous that even spectators to the wring would shudder at the extent of it. Christians were severely anguished during this period. They were often scourged to the point that their muscles and veins were visible they were made to walk over nails, sharp shells, and thorns with feet that were already badly injured. The good deal of their lives werent much better, if they did not succumb to the torture they were made to endure, they were beheaded, pressed together with weights, or burn down at the steak.The notable Martyrs of this period are Polycarp, who after world captured byRoman guards was permitted an hour to pray. after(prenominal) the hour was done the guards who had watched him pray so fervently, actually repented that they had been instrumental in his capture. He was then dragged befor e proconsul and urged Swear and I will release theereproach Christ. 9 Upon his refusal he was burned in the market congeal place. Justin was another notable martyr during this period. Justin was a notable scholar, philosopher, and teacher. After finishing The Second Apology Justin the emperor was angry and as a result Justin and six of his companions were imprisoned and forced to make sacrifices to pagan gods, when they refused the were scourged and the beheaded.9. William Byron Forbush, ed., Foxs Book of Martyrs a History of the Lives, Sufferings, and Deaths of the Early Christian and Protestant Martyrs (Grand Rapids Zondervan, 1978), Chapter 11 10. ibidPersecution under Septimus Severus A.D. 192The emperor Severus, was not especially violent toward Christians. One had saved his life from a sever sickness. However ignorance in the people coupled with outdated laws put in place to execute Christians is what drove the persecution during this period. Pleasure on the Emperor by The drawes, made Severus make a new edict that any new worshipper to Jesus Christ should be executed. galore(postnominal) Christians were inevitably killed under Severus because of this edict Irenaeus, Bishop of Lyons was one of the notable martyrs of this period. His inspiration for the things of God made the Emperor take notice of him, after a considerable make sense of acerbity grew Irenaeus was anguish and beheaded.11 Perpetua and Felicitas were two other notable figures in this period. Bothe women were married Perpetua was nursing and infant son and Felicitas was expectant at the time of her capture and later(prenominal) gave birth in prison. On the day appointed for their execution, they were led to the amphitheater. Felicitas and Perpetua were stripped, in order to be thrown to a mad bull, the bull attacked Perpetua first and then darted at Felicitas, and gored her. Both women survived being attacked by the bull, but were later executed by sword. The audience watching the torture and execution was said to have been sickened by the sight of Felisitas lactating breast fromher recent birth.11. William Byron Forbush, ed., Foxs Book of Martyrs a History of the Lives, Sufferings, and Deaths of the Early Christian and Protestant Martyrs (Grand Rapids Zondervan, 1978), Chapter 1112. Alexander Roberts et al., 10 Early Christian Saints Polycarp, Perpetua and Felicitas, Cyprian, Eusebius, Antony, Athanasius, Chrysostom, Jerome, Patrick, Benedict (publication place Error, 2012), 1.The Sixth Persecution, Under Maximus, A.D. 235, mnDuring the sixth persecution under the Emperor Maximus the prexy Seremianus was on a mission to kill as many Christians as he could. Many Christians were sentenced to death without ever even receiving a trial, Christians were killed in mass killings and dumped into mass gravesnot unlike the race murder bestowed upon the Jews, during Hitlers reign of terror in the early part of the 1900s. Christians were denied any or the respect or d ecency that so called loyal Roman citizens would expect in their death and burial.Many Christians were killed or tortured during this period most notable are Pontianus, bishop of Rome, Anteros, his successor, who gave offence to the government by collecting the acts of the martyrs. As well as Hippolitus, a Christian prelate (high ranking member of the clergy) 13, who was cruelly tied to a wild horse, and dragged until he died.Persecution under Decius (250-251)After a time of relative peace and an emperor that was deemed a Christian, the emperor Decius had a decidedly vigorous hate for Christians. Decius goal was to erase even the name Christian at any cost. His decrees to kill Christians emboldened the heathens who were happy13. Merriam-Webster, The Merriam-Webster Dictionary. (Springfield, MA Merriam Webster Mass Market, 2004), 1. 14. William Byron Forbush, ed., Foxs Book of Martyrs a History of the Lives, Sufferings, and Deaths of the Early Christian and Protestant Martyrs (Grand Rapids Zondervan, 1978), Chapter 11 to honor the decrees by killing any Christian they could find. The more(prenominal) Christian deaths attributed to one heathen the higher that heathens merit would be. Fabian, the bishop of Rome, was the first person of intumescence to fall victim to this murderous rampage. The previous emperor, Phillip thought highly of Fabian and made the bishop his treasurer however Decius did not think so highly of Fabian. On January 20, A.D. 250, he was beheaded Peter, a young, strong man, was stretched upon a wheel, by which all his bones were broken was beheaded for refusing to sacrifice to Venus.He was quoted as saying I am astonished you should sacrifice to an infamous woman, whose debaucheries even your own historians record, and whose life consisted of such(prenominal) actions as your laws would punish. No, I shall offer the true God the acceptable sacrifice of praises and prayers. 15 An innumerable amount of Christians were killed during this time. C hristians are actively sought out by requiring public sacrifice. If they refused they would be killed or they could buy certificates (libelli) kind of of sacrificing. The latter was against the rules of the church and carried a severe punishment16 Persecution under Valerian (257-59)Valerian took his position in A.D. 257 and maintained his position for three and a half years. During his reign there is no number that can be put on how many Christians were martyred during this time. A couple of the martyrs that were named were bishops with in Rome. There was Stephen who was beheaded and then there was a Toulouse who refused to sacrifice.15. William Byron Forbush, ed., Foxs Book of Martyrs a History of the Lives, Sufferings, and Deaths of the Early Christian and Protestant Martyrs (Grand Rapids Zondervan, 1978), Chapter 11 16. Ferguson, Everett. Church History. 2 vols. Grand Rapids, Mich. Zondervan, 2005-2013. Pp 161-162 Idols, which had his feet tied to the tail of a bull that ran dow n stairs causes his head to be smashed. Sextus who succeeded Stephen was verycourageous during his time a bishop. It was during his time that the government released an order to put to death all Christian clergy in Rome, Stephen as well as his deacons where martyred.With no regard of age, sex, or title Valerian continued to martyr Christian until he was captured and brought into slavery by the emperor of Persia. After being a slave for vii years, Valerian had his eyes removed and was flayed alive by the emperor, which is what caused Valerian to die. In A.D. 260, Gallienus, who was Valerian, succeeded his father and actually during his time, enjoyed peace with the church17Persecution under Aurelian (r. 270275)In A.D 274 Aurelian was in emperor of Rome and had been mainly responsible for the martyrs of two known Christians. The first being a bishop named Felix, who was an advanced prelate to the Roman see. He was later martyred by being sentenced to death by being beheaded. The other known martyr was a gentleman named Agapetus, who sold everything and gave it all to the poor. He was arrested for being a Christian, tortured and then beheaded for this deed. Although Aurelian is not tied together with many martyrs, we planted the seed that was later picked up by a leader named Diocletian.17. William Byron Forbush, ed., Foxs Book of Martyrs a History of the Lives, Sufferings, and Deaths of the Early Christian and Protestant Martyrs (Grand Rapids Zondervan, 1978), Chapter 11Severe persecution under Diocletian and Galerius (303-324)In A.D 303 were succumbed to a new leader that had a vision of removing all Christians and everything related to the faith. A Roman leader named Galerius was persuaded by his adopted son Diocletian to start thepersecution of Christians. The persecution that was set apart forth towards became so bad that the time frame of these leaders became known as the succession of the Martyrs.This Era began on February 23, A.D 303 by churches being f orced open and all books were removed and set to flames. non being satisfied by the burning of the books Diocletian and Galerius had all churches levelled to the ground and all Christians render as outlaws. Many Christians were seized, severely tortured, and then burned alive. Enable to increase the persecution of Christians Galerius ordered the imperial palace to be set on fire and charge Christians with the crime. This lead to Christian homes being set on fire eyepatch families were in them and perishing in the fire. Some families were tied together with rocks around their necks and thrown into the sea. This kind of tortured cash in ones chips ten years and got to the level were new inventions were created on how to conduct torture as well as an entire city named Phrygia, was burnt to the ground with all the Christians from the town dying in the flames. At one point many of the governors came to the imperial court submitting how they were tired with the slaughtering of the peop le. From that point on, since they could not be put to death, Christians had their ears, eyes, noses, or limbs removed to make life as hard as possible.During this time there was a Christian officer of the emperors guard at Rome named Sebastian. Not willing to give in to the pagan believe that was being taught to him as a guard, Sebastian was shot to death with arrows. Once the execution was completed, other Christians were allowed to recover his body for burial. It was during this time, that they found life in his body and proceeded to help him recover. Sebastian decided to confront Diocletian, who was flood out with surprise to see him alive, and reprehended him for various cruelties and prejudices against Christian. Sebastian was sentenced to death by beating and was thrown into the sewers where his body was later aged and buried by Christians.The Christian ResponseOne would expect for Christianity to have died out after so many centuries ofan all-out demonic attack against the people of God. Thats not what happened though. Despite all torture, discrimination. And mass killings. Christianity grew tremendously. In the face of immense persecution, many Christians decided that it was worth it to die before they would deny their superior and Savior. Justin Martyr was quoted as saying Though beheaded, and crucified, and thrown to wild beasts, and chains, and fire, and all other kinds of torture, we do not give up our confession but, the more such things happen, the more do others in larger numbers racket become faithful.20 The killing of Christians was meant to dissuade other citizens from becoming Christians and to persuade Christians to turn their back on God. Martyrdom was meant to be a dishonor instead it became the highest honor for a Christian. Many onlookers marveled at the fact that Christians could be put through so much and stillness be strong in their faith.19. William Byron Forbush, ed., Foxs Book of Martyrs a History of the Lives, Sufferings, and Deaths of the Early Christian and Protestant Martyrs (Grand Rapids Zondervan, 1978), Chapter 1120. Justin Martyr, Michael Slusser, and Justin, Dialogue with Trypho (Selections from the Fathers of the Church), Revised ed. (Washington, DC Catholic Univ of Amer Pr, 2003), 1.The very thing that was supposed to deter Roman citizens from Christianity was in actuality driving them toward it. Another Christian response to persecution was to write an apology, not an apology in the sense of the way we use the term today, but as a defense of Christianity. The Apologist as they are known wrote apologys to throw Christians and their faith, against pagan actions and misconceptions. These apologies were mainly aimed at emperors to dispute the erroneous claims that pagans held about Christians, and to promote Christians as Good citizens of the Roman Government that held differing religious beliefs. Christians were not cannibalistic, law breaking, people who involved in orgies and this is what the apologies tried to convey, in hopes that the persecution of the time would subside.ConclusionFrom the beginning of the Christian faith there was always demonic opposition to the growth of Christianity. ogre used people as his pawns from the moment of the birth of Jesus to exterminate Gods plan for the world. After the death and resurrection of our Savior this demonic influence was kicked into overdrive. Roman Emperor after Roman Emperor tried to overthrow Christianity, but because of the strength and faith of many early Christians this did not happen. Today we can thank the early church fathers for laying the foundation and planting the seeds of the Church that we have today and especially in the States take for granted. This does not mean that the devils all-out assault on the Christian church is over it is still under attack even today. Still in many party of the world Christians are tortured and die every day because they refuse to deny the truth. The struggle of the early chur ch seems to be so far away for some of us who live comfortably and have the freedom to worship how we want. In reality as a people we are not that far removed from it. Every Christian person should be aware of the price that was paid for the Christianity there is today.BIBLIOGRAPHY1. Wilken, Robert L. The Christians as the Romans Saw Them. 2nd ed. upstart Haven, CT Yale University Press, 2003.2. Barnes, Albert. Scenes and Incidents in the Life of the Apostle Paul Viewed as Illustrating the Nature and Influence of the Christian Religion. Publication place Ulan Press, 2012.3. Forbush, William Byron, ed. Foxs Book of Martyrs a History of the Lives, Sufferings, and Deaths of the Early Christian and Protestant Martyrs. Grand Rapids Zondervan, 1978.4. Roberts, Alexander, crowd Donaldson, St. Athanasius, Philip Schaff, St Patrick, and Tertullian. 10 Early Christian Saints Polycarp, Perpetua and Felicitas, Cyprian, Eusebius, Antony, Athanasius, Chrysostom, Jerome, Patrick, Benedict. publi cation place Error, 2012.5. Merriam-Webster. The Merriam-Webster Dictionary. Springfield, MA Merriam Webster Mass Market, 2004.6. Ferguson, Everett. Church History. 2 vols. Grand Rapids, Mich. Zondervan, 2005-2013.7. Martyr, Justin, Michael Slusser, and Justin. Dialogue with Trypho (Selections from the Fathers of the Church). Revised ed. Washington, DC Catholic Univ of Amer Pr, 2003.