Biomarkers Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Biomarkers - Essay ExampleIn aquatic environment, biomarkers depend upon the animal(prenominal) environmental conditions such as temperature, pH or salinity, as well as toxic concentrations of chemical substance pollutants or any combination of these.Biomarkers nates be reason as non-specific and specific according to their responses to a particular element or a group of environmental factors (Mayer et al., 1992). non-specific biomarkers, for example ribonucleic dosage/deoxyribonucleic acid, radiolabelled amino acid or nucleotide incorporation, and adenylate energy charge, give direct entropy on the growth rate or potential of an organism but they can not be employ to determine the particular toxicant. limited biomarkers can be again categorized n to both sub-categories, organ, and toxicant specific according to system of their recognition. Organ specific biomarkers are analyzed by examining changes in concentration specific enzymes in organisms whether as Toxicant-specific biomarkers are analyzed according to the exposure and effects on an organism due to a chemical or group of chemicals.Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), transaminases, creatine phosphokina... criteria with which to assess results should be availableBiomarkers can be categorized as non-specific and specific according to their responses to a particular element or a group of environmental factors (Mayer et al., 1992). non-specific biomarkers, for example ribonucleic acid/deoxyribonucleic acid, radiolabelled amino acid or nucleotide incorporation, and adenylate energy charge, give direct information on the growth rate or potential of an organism but they can not be used to determine the particular toxicant. Specific biomarkers can be again categorized n to two sub-categories, organ, and toxicant specific according to method of their recognition. Organ specific biomarkers are analyzed by examining changes in concentration specific enzymes in organisms whether as Toxicant-specific biomarkers ar e analyzed according to the exposure and effects on an organism due to a chemical or group of chemicals.Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), transaminases, creatine phosphokinase, lysosomal enzymes, alkaline phosphatases and manifold function oxidase are the examples of organ specific biomarkers while as inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) by organophosphates and inhibition of cytochrome P monooxygenase, methallothionein and metal binding proteins by metals are some of the toxicant specific biomarkers (Mayer et al., 1992 Gagn and Blaise, 1993). There are essentially two parameters for biomarker assessment global reference values and comparative values. global reference values can be developed for DNA adducts, ALA-D, AChE, scope for growth, CEA, PAH-metabolites, GST, lysosomal stability, micronucleus formation, vitellogenin, MT biomarkers and comparative values can be used for ethoxyresoroufin-o-deethylase (EROD), antioxidant enzymes, peroxisomal