Human behavior Essay

Behavior of individuals in various settings is at times very challenging due to ethical constraints. This includes the investigation of wherefore people take risks or gamble with their decision making processes. However, it is quite interesting to note that on situations which are not so threatening for individuals, it is apparent that people typically take risks in picking their options or when making their final choice. The nerve by side(p) shows available data on hu man motivation and the theories surrounding the topic. risk of exposure taking is defined as engaging in any performance with an uncertain outcome, as one scholar puts it. Theories of Motivation on peril Taking Different theories describe and explain risk taking and why benevolent beings are motivated to pursue or engage in activities or conduct that put their lives in much danger or create an element of risk of whatever form. The following are interpreted from current literature in the field of human behavior analysis. 1. psychoanalytic or Psychodynamic Theory.Following the tradition of Freud, human motivation to take risks is taken from the basic understanding that when people feel fear in a certain situation or occasion, it is not good to overcome that fear. Freudian theory condemns outrightly risk taking as plain insanity. It reasons that to risk mans very life has no warrant at all. It is nonsense. In other important spheres of life, however, to risk is inevitable and deemed necessary. There are umteen successful people in the business world who are know as risk takers (Llewellyn, 2003).They succeed, in fact, because of this unique attitude in them which is considered wise in other realms. While it is unfeigned that life is the most odd commodity a man could ever possess, and to risk it is foolishness, it is equally true that not to risk at all in other areas sum cowardice and immobility. Psychoanalysts even treat risk-taking behavior as a note of a diseased mind. Because for them, life is not to be gambled, therefore, it is insanity when somebody chooses bungee-jumping as his/her sport (Llewellyn, 2003). 2. The Evolutionary Theory.Evolutionary theory explained mans adventurous nature as simply an expression of his primal instincts (Llewellyn, 2003). take for granted that Darwins theory is correct, that man evolved from apes exchangeable common animal, a human early in the evolutionary process had to fight for his life to survive. This selection nature, according to this theory, is retained in modern mans catching make up (Llewellyn, 2003). This is the reason why even those people in the elite echelon of society choose to use their favorite sport like riding a dirigible as their campaign tool to come along their business.The problem with this theory is that it has sojourned to be unproven and lacking in evidences as yet. Humans are not proven to have descended from apes. 3. Contemporary Theories a. extraversion and Introversion Personality theorie s contend that this two broad scope of character qualitys capture the individuals propensity towards behaving in certain ways. extraversion helps explain why some people tend to be extravertive and hence, the massiveer the probability to engage in risky decisions (Llewellyn, 2003). b. Emotional stability and NeuroticismThis is another of the Contemporary theories that shed light on traits that remain stable over a period of time, clearly indicating which may shell describe an individual and what differs him/her from another. Emotionally stable people, as those who posit on this model, may take risks but have taken many things to great lengths in order to get the best possible option or alternative (Llewellyn, 2003). Conversely, people who are more on the neuroticism side manifest the greater tendency to take risks without much weighing on the consequences.The tendency to be impulsive is to a high leg pass on in individuals under this category. 4. Eysenck and Costa and McCrae s model These two theorists added their knowledge version to the array of personality theories. The former has the Psychoticism versus Humaneness dimension while the last mentioned two theorists added three dimensions Openness to Experience, Conscientiousness, and Agreeableness. The main argument against these classifications is its narrowness in explaining and categorizing the complexities that make human behavior (Llewellyn, 2003).While they help explore assorted behaviors or attitudes, there are more that remained unexplained. Until now, certain serial killers or murderers, defy the above mentioned explanations of human behavior. 5. The Zuckerman champion Seeking Trait Although an amplification on one of the features of Psychoticism and Humaneness model, Sensation Seeking helps also explain the differences mingled with individuals. There are people who do have a higher degree of this trait like more men seek sensation-enhancing-experiences or venturesome traits, while other s have very minimal of this trait.This is what Zuckerman refers to in his Sensation seeking trait theory. What other experts consider as this theorys limitation is embedded in the matter of other personality traits shape on risk taking behavior other than this trait by itself. Studies reveal that the psychological profiles of risk takers are diverse and the universality of this trait is still further being investigated (Llewellyn, 2003). Risk taking is a captivating area of interest for many students of human behavior.When explored through the eyes of a Psychoanalyst, the sketch becomes even more intriguing because Freudian understanding possesses an charismatic alternative to the more cognitive way of assessing risk taking behavior. When the subject of evolutionary psychology of explaining risk taking behavior is concerned, it contains a take a hop of truth in it that many today are convinced of its direction of explaining behavior. Instinct is still a potent facet in behavio r that cannot be eradicated from the study of behavior of humans (Llewellyn, 2003).When people are confronted with the specialness of the human personality, the dimensions are almost unlimited some experts opt for the multi-dimensional manner while others choose the narrow and concise way. All of these approaches have their strengths and weaknesses degree of breadth and limitations. However, they are good and profitable for jumpstarting further explorations into the human psyche and its accompanying expressions.Reference 1. Llewellyn, David J. 2003. The Psychology of Risk Taking. Accessed in www. risktaking. co. uk.