Hawaii Watersports Essay

With the white sandy beaches and vitreous silica clear water Hawaii is the idol go under for ocean water free reins. on that point are a wide take off of water loosenesss, from highly aggressive to gentle sports that all types of people erect enjoy. in that respect are even sports which are particular proposition only to the exotic islands encompassing this splendiferous state. Taking a wait at each individual sport give excite and possible mystify the sports enthusiast. nowadays we pass on take a look at sea kayaking, increase embarkment, surfboard, purloinsurfing, sailing, and scuba diving. Sea kayaking is an exhilarating and physically contend sport. One must be sure to have the proper equipment and technique in front heading come on into the salty blue. It is give tongue to that kayakers ‘wear their kayaks’ and selecting a proper sea kayak, one and only(a) that fits comfortably to your body type, base be a unmanageable task. scratch line make sure that you fit roaring in the pit. It should be snug, but not tight. If it is loose it may be difficult to maneuver. Kayaking is relaxing and comfortable sport oddly around the islands. There are some ecological kayaking tours offered throughout Hawaii that will take you places and show you some of the awe-inspiring creatures and sites of the islands. Kite display paneling is a natural age surface water sport that is trendy among young people. Kite add-ining is very similar to wakeboarding with the exception that the board is controlling their own movements with a increase, full equipped with handle, instead of being pulled by a boat. Kite boarding is an extremum sport combining balance and coordination with the unusual technique of keeping a kite in the air. Kite boarders have an one and only(prenominal) experience as they let the roll out control their moves and can sometimes give heights of 30 feet, and if they skilled and valiant they may be able to do flips and other stunts in front smoothly reverting to the ocean. It is recommended that the new kite boarder takes a few lessons to learn proper techniques before venturing out on a kite boarding adventure. glide is a perpetual and classic sport. Surfing like kite boarding is a surface water sport where the participant rides waves while balance on a surf board. Surfing can actually be bemused into legion(predicate) categories including body boarding, windsurfing, and body surfing. clay boarding is best described by using your body to ride a foam board over waves. Windsurfing uses two aspects of surfing and sailing. A windsurf board is a surf board with a sail attached. The windsurfer steers themselves with the sail and rides the wave as a surfer would. clay surfing is actually what the name implies, using one’s body to ride the waves. Body surfers are usually equipped with zippo by swim fins to take on the task of riding the breaking waves. soaring is a leisurely recreation sport in which a person, or group of people, steer a ship or sail boat using sails. navigate boats move forward because of the inertia caused when the wind is caught in the sail. Sailing is a skilful sport and the proper skills must be learned before heading out to sea. Scuba diving is another hot sport among the islands. Scuba requires a security because of the danger involved. There are many unmindful certification courses for tourists to partake in. These courses hybridise the essentials and make time for some short open water dives were the scuba can explore the exotic world on ocean water. Hawaii is an exotic place with many things to offer the adventurer or sports enthusiast. It is important to learn the techniques of the sports one wishes to baffle themselves in to ensure a ripe and happy stay on the islands.

'Case Study Product Innovation at Bank of America\r'

'BANKING STRATEGIES lawsuit Study: Product mental home at coast of the States By Cindy Murray What ? nancial institutions mass learn from institutions and opinionions in vernal(prenominal) industries. owhere is vicissitude more essential to survival than in the banking industry. In the pays domain, for example, nonbank competitors less confidence gamestrained by bank regulations and therefore more straighta focal pointing argon changing the banking industry’s grip on the public science of banks as the only trusted tick off for holding and moving money. However, cornerstone is ambitious for banks. Many crops, standardized defrayals, ar a commodity.A vast number of intersections and a multifactorial infrastructure require recurrent upgrades to respect apace with engineering science parentments and comply with evolving regulations and shelter requirements. This article describes how situate of the States values a coating of substructure. Pivota l to an innovative culture is the direct engagement of nodes in the vicissitude action. We highlight some of the personal manners that cant of the States achieves this. But ? rst we’ll look at the part of excogitation wait on in march oning brand loyalty. N make water Brand Equity Through advanced Transformation Change elicit move on by rede? ning a problem or rede? ing a origin. According to Robert Sternberg, a enticeership seminalness expert,1 creativity is the ability to rede? ne a problem. end cornerstone be viewed as the ability to rede? ne a solution. Successful innovation is a run all in all over mâ€one that classifiablely happens in increments rather than take a hops. Rarely is a single innovation a crippled channeliser. In banking, 90 carry on of innovation foc roles on substance competencies (that is, worry sector-as-usual innovation), s thus far break out on game-changing innovation mayâ€JUNE 2009 indoors core competenci es and only three percent on leaps that signi? cantly shift the client be.Outside of banking, an evolutionary get on to innovation is besides the rule, non the exception. Continual improvements through pop out a convergence’s life cycle build brand equity. Take the eccentric of Nabisco’s Oreo cookie, the bestselling cookie in the joined States. In 1912, Nabisco came up with the idea of cardinal chocolate disks with cream ? lling in mingled with. Since because it has released Double Stuff cookies with more ? lling; fudge-covered Oreos; spend cookies, including Halloween and Christmas cookies; bite-sized Oreos for children; and reduced-fat Oreos. Oreos illustrate two important aspects of harvest-home innovation.First, Nabisco enlistmented tight fitting to its guests. It understood how needs varied among consumers and changed over time. The companion developed its product to meet the needs of a continually broader set of consumers. Second, the example ill ustrates an additive access code to innovation that focuses on advancing core products. The iPod was at once the adjacent shade in an evolutionary military operation and alike a creative leap. This product merged a number of capabilities in a portable device, but it was not the ? rst MP3 player. However, the concept of iTunes was a cutting business regulate that changed the way consumers could store and listen to music.The iPod was transformative, too, because it aline with changing consumer demeanor re? ected in trends of mobility and customization. Technology enabled a tipping point. Consumers were ready to heart a leap. Cindy Murray is Head of Product Innovation at bank of the States. Contact her at cindy. [ email protected] com. commercialised LENDING go over 35 Banking Strategies way that stays virtual(prenominal)ly to clients’ evolving needs. For example, through ethnographic question, we discovered a common practice among consumers of rounding up when writing checks. We took the idea of rounding up and turned it on its headâ€rede? ing Innovation is a motion over timeâ€an evolutionary the problem by associating payments with savings. path. An incremental approach to innovation mirrors How can we foster increased saving? With Keep the the procrastinating way in which people change. Consumer Change, severally time a node pays employ a Bank of behavior tends to change gradually. Successful innovation is customer driven. It gets as the States check card, the bank rounds the payment close as possible to the customer’s current operate. to the nearest vaulting horse and transfers the extra change A mystical understanding of how customers operate to the customer’s savings account. odayâ€and why they do what they doâ€gives inNow, instead of check writers rounding up, the atomic pile into how to improve the process; how to create bank does it for themâ€but in a way that builds their a tincture fo rward for the customer. savings. The solution also facilitates increased use of boost, by directly engaging customers in the indebit cards, thereby supporting retailers’ efforts to novation process, they become deeply connected discourage check payments. It was also a timely soluto, and invested in, a solution, which took advantage tion’s evolutionary path. f evolving consumer beThis makes innovation a havior toward increased primary oppositeiator, ancard usage. Change can occur by rede? ning a other way of creating value Ethnographic research problem or rede? ning a solution. for customers by enriching has also been mainstay to improvtheir experience and reining our electronic banking forcing loyalty over time. political program, CashPro, over Staying close to the customer is one of the nigh importime. For example, we excogitationed an enhancement found tant attributes of a in(predicate) innovation process. on a typical client work ? ow for handling exception s.By tight watching how 15 companies were posting their receivables, we identi? ed a common practice of go through Close to the Customer placing a gummy note on throwaways when they did not find out payment. Staff would then fax an invoice to At Bank of the States, customers play a profound role at the salesperson to inquire about the discrepancy. We every defend of the product innovation process. There corporate an electronic sticky note with email capaare a number of ways in which we directly engage bility in CashPro, so that clients could maintain their our customers throughout product development. ork-? ow process in the online environment. We use a come out of formal techniques for idea generation. white-tie techniques focus on gaining deepened client insight and are important when Amplify the we demand exceptional culture about an opportunity percentage of the Customer and the related customer need. Formal idea mining typically requires expertise through our midland innovation multitude or external specialized vendors. CashPro is a great example both of innovating in Ethnographic research is an important beam of light for increments to improve a product over time and of engenerating innovation ideas.Observation get outs gaging clients in an evolutionary innovation process. insight into customer behavior and needs. ReturnWith CashPro, we established a customer consultatory ing to the Oreo example, the idea for a bite-sized board, which has been close involved in the prodcookie began to germinate when Nabisco researchers uct’s development. With CashPro, the innovation watched young children grapple with dunking the process becomes fork of the client experience, thereby full-sized cookie in smaller cups. increasing customer satisfaction.For example, with Ethnographic research functions Bank of the States CashPro, clients prefer self-service for upgrades. understand how to advance our core products in a They are fully vested in the change process. pack Clients in the Evolutionary Path 36 COMMERCIAL LENDING canvas mayâ€JUNE 2009 Banking Strategies Our strategic client computer program, exchequer transfer, At the other end of the spectrum, responsibility serves to flesh out our voice of the customer research. for innovation can be centralized in a shared serClients are semipermanent program members in senior vice center.At Bank of America, we have dedicated treasury and/or ? nance roles in spite of appearance their organizastaff focused on game-changing innovations. At tions. They meet regularlyâ€at frequencies varying the same time, our immaculate judicature recognizes from once per quarter to y archean. The program enables the richness of ongoing process improvement participants to share insights on best practices and and enhancements. learn from apiece other, while sponsoring us to fracture understand their challenges and needs. A detailed executive Work with Peers summary that identi? s identify watchword themes helps pinpoint areas for deepening discussion and exploraTo maintain a competitive edge, banks progressively tion. Conference calls exploring priority topics serve go away look for ways to work with clients, technolas oppose points between in-person meetings. ogy companies and other ? nancial institutions We also look to exchequer Exchange members to to shuffle strengths. For example, in May 2008, validate and ? esh out new product ideas and to Bank of America announced a partnership with provide validation at points in the product develWells Fargo called Pariter Solutions LLC.The opment cycle. Treasury 50-50 joint venture bequeath Exchange members have operate the commercialsubmitted innovation ized ACH platform that ideas under the auspices entrust be leveraged by the An incremental approach to of the program. Customer two banks. The name and address is to innovation mirrors the gradual way advisory boards and spegain economies of home plate i n which people change. cial client programs like and better position both Treasury Exchange augbanks to develop future ment our ample voice products with a single of the customer research. nvestment in the underlying processing locomotive engine instead of duplicative investments. It’s a platform for growth and innovation. Cultivate a finish of Innovation It’s important to be open to ideas from all sources. That’s part of cultivating a culture of innovation. At Bank of America, all associates are invited to collaborate in the innovation process. For example, associates can submit their ideas online via IdeasZone, an internal intranet site. These ideas are funneled into the idea stream and fuck off equal attention within our innovation process.Collaborate with Technology Innovators In banking, technology is an enabler of innovation. Therefore, it’s important that banks collaborate with their technology providers. Bank of America’s collaboration with Microsoft is a great example of how we work with technology companies to develop innovative finishs. Cash pose and forecasting continue to be key client challenges. We spoke with clients to determine how they practise cash positioning and forecasting. Treasurers might use a treasury workstation, an Excel spreadsheet or a combination of tools.However, financial officers who rely on treasury workstations typically supplement their process with an Excel spreadsheet. Our research also con? rmed that many clients have dif? culty building a historical database of schooling for trend summary to support forecasting. COMMERCIAL LENDING redirect examination Foster Employees There are disparate options for organizational structure to foster an innovative environment. At Google, it’s part of everyone’s job to innovate. There is a decentralize approach to innovation in which all employees are engaged and given incentives.It’s built into their objectives and re ? ected in their recompense increases and bonuses. MAYâ€JUNE 2009 37 Banking Strategies Bank of America worked with Microsoft to develop CashPro Accelerate. This tool accepts information feeds across all of a client’s bank accounts and automates the cash-positioning process. It also builds a historical database that clients can use for forecasting. Keep go Forward â€Å"I am not discouraged, because every wrong attempt toss out is another step forward. ”â€Thomas Edison With an craftsman’s mind-set, the idea of hardship is a fallacy.Some who know best have even looked at failures as a continual path forward. Besides being the still-unrivaled testify holder of 1,093 U. S. patents, Thomas Edison broadened the concept of the invention to what’s known today as â€Å"innovationinvention,” R & D and commercialization. 3 mod companies ? nd ways to leverage new insights to keep moving forward. The creation of 3M Post-it notes is a classic story of turning failure on its head and victimization creativity to rede? ne a problem. Spencer Silver was operative on developing a truehearted adhesive but invented a spineless one instead.Silver’s colleague Arthur churl came up with a novel application for the weak adhesive, which became the basis for Post-it notesâ€a new vehicle for communicationâ€which Bank of America used in its CashPro innovation. Sometimes the leap is in how we look at things. frame of reference a Brain Trust In a September 2008 thin of H ARVARD BUSINESS REVIEW, Ed Catmull, cofounder of Pixar and the president of Pixar and Disney sprightliness Studios, talked about how Pixar fosters collective creativity. One of Pixar ’s core operating principles is that, â€Å"We must stay close to innovations happening in the pedantic community. 2 It’s part of the company’s effort to eliminate boundaries between different disciplines. Earlier this year, Bank of America and MITâ €™s Media Laboratory announced the creation of the Center for Future Banking. Over the next ? ve years, Bank of America go out put forward $3 million to $5 million annually. The center is a prototype for how business and academia can work unitedly to invent the future of an entire industry. It go away bring together researchers with radically different perspectives, including behavioral economists, hearty scientists, computer scientists, psychologists, designers and others.The goal is to trigger unexpected new ideas that lead to innovation leaps in banking. Test, Learn, Evolve This armorer mentality is at the heart of our testand-learn environment, in which we deploy an initial solution design to get ? rsthand feedback from clients on its usability and value. At this stage, the intent is to address any issues or opportunities in the next iteration of the design. The process enables us to evolve our product design out front we get to the pilot stage. As an repetitious p rocess, the test-andlearn environment is a microcosm of the broader innovation process focused at a genuine point in the development process.The quick Cash Manager, a new passim Bank of America solution, gives a receive example of the test-and-learn approach. The solution concept germinated in a series of Treasury Exchange meetings, where clients identi? ed cash handling and doctor as a major put out point. It’s an ATM-like machine that counts cash, accepts it for deposit and provides safekeeping. An issue related to jamming surfaced in the test-and-learn environment, which result inform a solution redesign. MAYâ€JUNE 2009 Choose Winning Concepts Vetting ideas and building a business case are key steps in the innovation process.Bank of America uses a scoring technique as part of our process for vetting ideas. Scoring criteria involve whether a concept matches to architectural plan objectives, whether it has huge applicability, its level of innovativeness and comp lexity and the potential order of magnitude of its impact. At Bank of America, for example, out of 919 ideas accredited this year, 10 have been submitted for funding in 2009. Building a business case is a key step. An effective business case must describe the opportunity and its alignment with strategy and also describes the rate client and market within the background of the competitive landscape.Finally, it outlines the proposed approach, the risk and the ? nancial opportunity. 38 COMMERCIAL LENDING REVIEW Banking Strategies Storyboarding is a creative technique used in the early stage of ? lmmaking. Storyboarding can help go time-to-market. By not building the entire productâ€but rather using storyboards and prototypes in a test-and-learn environmentâ€we stay fresh ? exibility even as we move nurture into the product-development process. Flexibility enables us to prioritize the most important features and contain feedback and new insights from customers.It helps us t o make smart choices with our investment dollars as products take more tangible form. The conterminous springtime in the Innovation turn The ability to synthesize information into insights pull up stakes be an increasingly important part of creating a valuable client experienceâ€not only banks connecting to customersâ€but of customers connecting to distributively other for insight. Incubation and the cross-fertilization of ideas are important to the creative process. Bank of America is integrating online networking into its innovation process. For example, we are connecting participants in the Treasury Exchange program to an online forum.Our long-term vision is to link our various Treasury Exchange client groupsâ€which are based on industry, function and geographyâ€into a clientcentric global collaborative network. We also plan to introduce online ideation as a way to collaborate with Treasury Exchange participants on innovation. More broadly, the idea of integratin g social networking into the bank’s innovation process holds tremendous promise. With our consumer base of 59 million households, social networking can be a powerful tool for engaging customers ? rsthand in product development. hen the next step integrates multiple aspects to transform the end-to-end client experience. To cite an earlier example, the iPod integrates communication speed, mobility and remembering capacity. All of these come together, along with consumer zeal for change and the introduction of the iTunes business model. deep down the banking realm, clients increasingly want banking solutions to integrate into their commingleâ€whether flow constitutes, for example, a mobile consumer or the workflow related to a treasurer’s broader financial processes.The need to integrate payments in the broader customer experience will involve mobile technology in some form and the analysis of information to provide insight. For corporate customers, banks are alrea dy press homeing time-sensitive information to personal digital assistants (PDAs) and cellular phone phones. Information analysis and synthesis could help treasurers to improve broader ? nancial processes (for example, accounts payable or receivable), help optimize working capital and smear cost and use payment information to deepen insight into customer behavior.We are already seeing merchants, for example, use consumer payment information to tailor coupons to a customer ’s buying preferences. Banks can deliver robust information to consumers, for example, to help them look at product features and engage in ? nancial grooming to evaluate a purchase within a desired spending budget. Perhaps, ultimately, clients will want to take their bank accounts with them, storing virtual money inside their mobile phones. Banks have an opportunity to reassert their unique role as the trusted brand in storing and moving money.Innovation will be life-sustaining to our success. What Mig ht Be the Next Leap in Banking? Successful innovation always improves aspects of the customer’s experience. Leaps occur Endnotes 1 2 3 Professor at Tufts University; research focuses on creativity. How Pixar Fosters Collective Creativity, HARVARD BUS. REV. , Sept. 2008, at 71. The Edison Papers, http://edison. rutgers. edu/biogrphy. htm. MAYâ€JUNE 2009 COMMERCIAL LENDING REVIEW 39 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission.\r\n'

'Interaction and Communication Essay\r'

'1. Understand the calculates that faeces affect interaction and conference of souls with h all in allucination\r\n in crap how fleshly and mental wellness factors whitethorn wishing to be have when communicating with an individual who has madness. There ar m both factors to consider such as pain, pain shadower ca employ mis imageings as individuals whitethorn be in so much excitation they commode non what they want and how they are feeling. Depression can closely link with dementia and sometimes are mistaken for one a nonher, if a resident has depression they whitethorn non want to go along with other wad which whitethorn force them to bring forth more(prenominal) secluded and withdrawn unless correct jockstrap is introduced. Non- vocal communication whitethorn be familiarise with some individuals; this is a factor to be considered. Non-verbal whitethorn be in the figure out of gestures, facial expressions and touch this is important for mountain with dementi a who have lost or are losing their language skills. Mental health factors can be linked to aggression, if a resident can ca phthisis distress to self or others changes the way we blast that individual. Describe how to support different communication abilities and needs of an individual with dementia who has sensational impairment.\r\nSensory impairment could come in the physical body of waiver of hearing or sight or partial loss of these factors. Ways to support these impairments could be the environment, ground noise could be a factor which makes communication difficult for an individual they may find it hard to hear you babble out or un suitable to communicate. Lighting may affect communication if a maltreat is too bright or not well lit then it may conf part a resident as they are unable to see and compact on what is universe said. Is there any other distractions around that could confuse the armed service user such as medicament or activities full concentration may be needed. Sensory impairment may require the use of non verbal communication, gestures or facial expressions may help with what is being said. Other non-verbal may be the use of pictures or photographs to convey questions. If a person is deaf and contracted this at an primeval age they may need the use of sign language or if slope s not a for the first time language the use of an interpreter. When talking to individual who is impaired and musical accompaniment with dementia we must(prenominal) talk at a slow-moving pace, used short simple sentences and blab clearly. 2.be able to communicate with an individual with dementia using a range of verbal and non-verbal techniques.\r\nRead more: Role of converse and Interactions With Individuals Who Have Dementia\r\nAnalyse slipway of responding to behaviour of an individual with dementia, taking handbill of the abilities and needs of the individual, guardianshiprs and others. All service users are individual and use different shipway to communicate, carers must understand these different methods and smack their best to help, speak and ask questions in a way that individual living with dementia will understand, this may be through appropriate physical contact for reassurance or using non verbal gestures. Mr. R is a resident living with dementia, although Mr. R is on end of life care he is very strong and can have periods of aggression. Sometimes when trying to communicate Mr. R can become baffle as due to his progression of dementia he has slurred speech and cannot form full sentences. This frustration can good turn into violence towards others when Mr. R feels he is not being understood, carers use short sentences and set aside Mr. R time for him to make choices, we use non verbal communication, pictures and point to objects. If Mr. R does become aggressive it’s the carers duty to criterion away from the situation, this is safe for the resident not to cause harm to themselves, carers and o thers around. Be able to use positive interaction approaches with individuals with dementia.\r\nExplain the differences between a world penchant approach to interaction and a organisation approach. Reality orientation approach technique to help manage and improve perception and memory, relearning to improve response to gain confidence, the possibility uses time, venue, place, people and objects as the basis, if individuals know all these things on one particular interaction they will be able to understand what they are doing and gain confidence close to themselves. Aids come in the form of big clock, large calendars, name tags ect. For shell if a resident is greeted and unable to record where they are and what they are doing, if this is explained and validated by names, places and times they will be relieved and settled. If that resident using this approach looks at the clock in the morning this may trigger the decision to get up, rain out and dress for breakfast as this is what they would unremarkably do at that time. Validation therapy is sort of of bringing a person cover to that reality of dates and times is to step in to their reality to comfort and reduce anxiety. Mr. P every morning asks about her husband, when she regard her husband has passed she becomes very upset and faze for the whole day and will not eat meals, stepping into Mrs. P’s reality as she thinks he is at kick the bucket reduces her anxiety, improves eating habits, reduces conflicts and improves self esteem.\r\n'

'Ethnicity and Religion Essay\r'

'This comp atomic number 18d with around 45% of Hindus and Sikhs. In contrast, lonesome(prenominal) 11% of white people draw themselves as belonging to the Church of England. Amongst Moslem men over the age of 35, quaternary in five reported that they take to task mosque at least once both week.\r\nData from the 1991 census demonstrates that Britain is ethnicalally diverse, in that respect is a wide range of ethnic groups with different spectral affiliations, and there are more ethnic groups than determine in the census information Modood and Berthoud (1997) analysed the 1991 Census data on ethnicity they suggest that ethnicity comprises: 1. Subjective naming: with which ethnicity do I and my group lay? 2. Religious identification; to what extent does it alleviate construct ethnicity?\r\nA number of prevalent points can be made just about apparitional affiliation among ethnic minority groups; that is, those people comprising the 5. 49% of the population identified in the Census as non-white. almost ethnic groups are more religious than the majority of the population. The table below shows the results of a survey conducted in Britain which asked respondents to state their religious affiliation\r\n'

'Leonardo Da Vinci: Science and Paintings\r'

'Leonardo Da Vinci: Science and Paintings Leonardo was a polymath which meat he was very knowledgeable and had a large number of expertise’s in many different subjects, a polymath is also known as a renaissance man which Leonardo was titled by many people. He was the for the first time to combine math and perception together. Da Vinci started the science revolution which revolutionized the focus that scientists researched their study ever since. Leonardo Da Vinci is astray known as ane of the sterling(prenominal) painters of all time and has created many iconic and famous films.He used his knowledge of science and his artistic talent together to resurrect his art act. He used objects and pieces of objects that would affect the way light appeared on some of his work and used his study of land to rise and create nature tushgrounds and ikons. Leonardo neer finished his work in a short period time he always took a few historic period or more to complete them in mean s for his to the highest degree famous pieces. The Mona Lisa is unrivalled of the most famous pieces of his collection. Mona Lisa is the best known, most visited, most written about, the most call about and the most replicated art paint in the world.Mona was a painting of other man’s wife that had been asked to be painted. Leonardo never returned the painting back to the couple even though he was paid to do the painting. This painting was started in 1503/1504 and was worked away at slowly until 1519. The support Supper is another very famous painting of his. This painting is the most reproduced religious painting of all time. The painting showed Jesus and his 12 disciples eating supper when he announced that one of the disciples would betray him. This painting was started in 1495 and was perfect in 1498.\r\n'

'Plantation Management in the Old South Essay\r'

'William Scarborough’s, The superintendent, examines the grandness and the daily duties of the grove superintendent and how they influenced and contributed to the turnout and talent of break ones backs in the â€Å" octogenarian South”. This congeal was unarguably, the nigh important position in the southern plantation agreement as they determined the success or failure of a plantation. In well-nigh minute plantations, but more or lessly larger ones, the overseer was in charge of the supervision of en buckle crushd Africans, care of the land, planting, farm tools, and harvesting. The overseer has been especially known in history as the handler of harsh disciplinary actions against slaves for breaking thick or mild molds. The emergence of parentage advertize stormed through the south with higher number of man-to-mans owning slaves. Over time leading up to the well-mannered War, the position of overseer has been proized with several(prenominal) pl anters make up requiring letters of recommendations from their applicants. The name and address of the pen is to gather facts and accurate evidence that process how overseers effectively completed their labor movement set forwards by plantation owners and were less concerned intimately the torture and harsh beating of the enslaved Africans. The writer focuses more on the profession itself as opposed to examining the individual’s social s constantlyalise or moral philosophy in society. He as well attempts to provide a valuable interpretation of one of legion(predicate) groups that do up the light middle class of the Old South.\r\nThe book is divided into three sections with the first concerning the history and role of the overseer in the plantation establishment. It also gives key details on contract negotiations amidst the overseer and the plantation owner. Lastly, this section shows the view of the overseer by the general public. The second section examines t he managerial duties and responsibilities and some of the disagreements betwixt the plantation master and the overseer. The terminal section shows the occupation and the importance of the plantation supervisor during the Civil War and how the loss or step-down in available overseers stirred the surviving plantations after the war ended.\r\nThe overseer system was first introduced in the join States by the Virginia Company of England with the primary quill craft function of upholding gained territory. When Africans were shipped to the Louisiana Territory as slaves, this rattling system was implemented. The vast majority of overseers during the colonial catch were indentured servants whose terms of service had expired. One major reason for the increase in overseers in the nonmodern south, during the 18th century were the pagan change that demanded plantation owners to indulge in the arts and other cultural pursuits. The profile of many of the men that went into this prof ession were nearly likely either the son of a planter, white lower class men, and men who actually axiom the economic benefits of being an overseer. One distinctive frolic of the overseer system during the colonial period was the radiation pattern of leasing developed plantations with slaves as stock. With this agreement the overseer was in charge for maintenance of the slave force, and in leave received one-third of the net proceeds from the change of the crops. This profession would soon become highly productive when cotton became the forefront of agriculture in the United States although to some had a negative view of the position. Although most of the overseers were originally poor and uneducated, they still gained abundant wonder by their employers to be acknowledged as a semi-elite professional with a real profitable position. any(prenominal) may pick out been the view of the planter class regarding the step on the â€Å"social ladder” meshed by slave manage rs, the overseer himself had no opinion of class inferiority and showed little resentment toward the copyrighted group.\r\nOne of the major duties of the overseer was the welfare and correction of the slaves, the care of livestock and other agriculture implements, and the production of staple and subsistence crops. The overseer assigned certain task to specific slave groups and supervised the labor of slaves in the field. The overseer was expected to have basic medical checkup under(a)standing to be able to examine the slaves and scram note of any who actually needed professional treatment to treat certain physical hinders. The slave manager was obliged to make periodic inspections of slave cabins and was responsible for the distribution of clothing for the slaves. Lastly, and most importantly, the overseer was expected to ensure the security of the whites\r\nagainst uprisings of slaves, which was to some, inevitable. Depending of the plantation, there were also a second set o f rules that were handed down from the planter to the overseer to instruct to the slaves. Some plantations had very harsh working conditions and required long hours, heedless of age or gender, while other were more or less mild with less work demanded from pregnant women and children under the age of seven. Some planters enounced that â€Å"a apt slave is a productive slave” and the overseer had to abide by the wishes of the planter although they may have had different views on the use and managing of the slaves. The relationship between the overseer and the planter became pivotal leading up to the Civil War in 1861.\r\nAs the Civil War began to run its course, the production of agriculture (with slave labor) was extremely important in the surviving and perseverance of the south. The role of the overseer became even greater than ever with the departure of healthy white men sledding to join the Confederate Army. In many areas in the south, the only remaining security aga inst insurgencies from the slaves was the overseers. It was no awe that the drafting of plantation managers to the Confederate Army, angered many planters knowing that there would not be enough qualified managers to keep the slaves productive and fearful. There were even laws put into place in states such as Georgia, South Carolina, Mississippi, Alabama, and Louisiana that limited the number of overseers that could be drafted into the army. The south also made a rule stating that any wounded soldier who is able moldiness return and oversee a plantation in order to contribute to the production of goods in the south. With this reduction in overseers, many slaves were able to escape and a number of large plantations fell due to the absence of the â€Å"slave Manager”.\r\nScarborough’s The Overseer, examines the life and tinct of the plantation overseer and how it shaped the working system of slavery and production in the United States. The author’s uses key fact s to back his thesis on the importance and professionalism of the overseer. Scarborough did extensive research by exploring primary sources such as the memoirs of planters, public records, legal documents, and advertize posters. He incorporates a number of different utilization contracts between planters and overseers and\r\ncompared them based on the size of the plantation, state and region, and number of slaves. The author seemed to look at this job description from a professional standpoint as opposed to the ills and negative view that society and some historians have placed on the managers of plantations. He mentions that some overseers who were uneducated or inexperienced greatly affected the outlook for this profession and shadowed the somewhat interlocking job of managing an entire plantation.\r\n'

'Thorn Queen Chapter Fourteen\r'

'â€Å"You!”\r\n regular(a) with her transfer bound, Jasmine didnt hesitate to attack me. She came tearing crosswise the means, display case fil take with fury. Im zero(prenominal) current if her tendency was to kick me or simply throw herself at me, scarcely she neer even got close. My follows were on her in a flash, hauling her back. Magic spark offed to fl be near her, unless virtuoso of the cares counte chromatic it with some asthenic nullifying magic. Her weightlift cuffs made magic hard to commit, beneficial the kind in her gave her greater resistance. I move on all told told of them inc rubicundulously.\r\nâ€Å"Thats non the missing girl. Thats my sister! How could you non feel that? She was Ae watchwords sporting lady!”\r\nIt was Rurik who answered. â€Å"A lot of the guard has changed since Aesons time. M some(prenominal) here came as a pass from powerfulness Dorian.” It was true. Dorian had warned that even though Id win the Thorn Land fair and square, many of those who had served Aeson would take on a hard time shaking that loyalty. Rurik had so sifted through and through and through the servants and guards, departting unloosen of those he didnt count could be trusted.\r\nâ€Å"Still,” I verbalise. â€Å" soulfulness should charter kn stimulate. Where the sanatoriumhole is Shaya?”\r\nâ€Å"She is a guidance, tending to administrative errands,” said the guard whod been so excited initially. nary(prenominal) he look break throughmed deeply humbled and up entrap.\r\nJasmine, wetwhile, hadnt ceased in her struggles to boom free of the guards. Without her magic, she wasnt a reas singled deal of a threat and seemed to realize using it was futile righteousness now. She s similarlyd aver progress height for a girl her age, nonwithstanding her build was slim, and she eer seemed a little also skinny. peradventure that just ran in our family. Her eye were biggish a nd downwardhearted-gray, reminiscent of storm clouds.\r\nâ€Å"You cant hold me here, Eugenie!” she screamed. â€Å"Im expiry to lucifer free and shovel in you. Then I for build up be the one to bear our fathers heir!”\r\nâ€Å"deliverer Christ,” I muttered. â€Å"The song remains the same.”\r\nTo be honest, I was actually kind of surprised Jasmine wasnt already pregnant and took it as a positive sign that she was placid referring to it as a future event. The prophecy that loomed oer both of us said that Storm Kings daughters son would be the one to lead the battle to grab va permitity. It hadnt specified which daughter, and apparently, Jasmine was heretofore hell-bent on instanting me to it.\r\nâ€Å"Its deviation to happen,” Jasmine go a coherent. â€Å"You cant stop it.”\r\nâ€Å" be you out of your sound judgment?” I demanded. â€Å"Youre fif teenaged! You substantiate no backup even lecture intimately gettin g pregnant, allow alone conquering the human world. You were raised there, for Gods sake. Do you know how oftentimes Wil misses you?”\r\nâ€Å"I hate them,” she spat. With the crazy cipher in her eyes, I expected to control thunder rumbling somewhere. â€Å"I hate them all. even so him. I n ever so belonged there. This is my world.”\r\nâ€Å" non if I pack you up and send you to Catholic boarding train somewhere,” I mused, rather entertained by the archetype.\r\nâ€Å"Theyd never be suitable to hold me.”\r\nâ€Å"I was joking. Geez, doesnt banter mellow in the family?”\r\nâ€Å"Youll never be able to hold me either. Your men got lucky, and you know it. Ive been dodging them for weeks, for each one time they impression they had me.”\r\nI rolled my eyes at her smug attitude, secretly question what the hell I was freeing to do with her now. Id spent all this time hunting her and had almost gotten used to the idea that she was gone for good. Now that we had her, I was at a bit of a loss. Never would I have guessed that my guards would inadvertently stumble across her while smell for Moria. In the midst of my puzzling, Jasmines words suddenly replayed through my mind.\r\nâ€Å"My guys have never found you before,” I said. â€Å" cere affrighte me, weve been manifestationing.”\r\nJasmine stared at me same I was crazy, which was something, considering that she was the one who requisite to be on medication. â€Å"They almost got me last week. Maybe they were just too embarrassed most how I almost drowned them with a tidal wave to single out you.”\r\nI shot a gestureing look to Rurik, who shook his head. I turned back to her. â€Å"Those werent my guys.” A strange thought suddenly occurred to me. â€Å"Were they human?”\r\nâ€Å"No, of class not.”\r\nâ€Å"Are you sure?”\r\nJasmine gave me a narrow-eyed look. â€Å"I know the difference between hu mans and shining ones. Youre the one whos in denial, hard to act bid youre all-human.”\r\nI doubted she would introduce that if she had any idea what Id been contending with here lately. Her exceptionable adolescent attitude aside, I was approximateing everyplace again about what shed said. Shed spoken of nearly organism caught…by whom? I thought back to my meeting with Moria and her utter about the Red Snake Man. Id made a huge leap about stratagem being responsible for kidnapping her and the others.\r\nAgain, I slowed down my locomote mind to moot of other options. It was possible that Morias red snake was something entirely different. Or, maybe shed just run into him here. Like all shamans, he probably pass over over every now and then. Maybe shed seen the tattoo then. Or, perhaps most likely, was my ear stayr notion that Art had simply banished her back. All of that seemed more plausible. Yet was it exuberant to cause Moria such terror? That was the rep eated question with no answer.\r\nAnd now here was Jasmine, also talking about abduction. It seemed too a good deal of a proportion that that would happen while other unexampled girls were disappearing.\r\nâ€Å"Were they brigands?” I asked Jasmine. â€Å"Like…sort of rough and dirty types?”\r\nâ€Å"They were guards or some other kind of fighter,” she said. â€Å"Stop trying to act like you had zero to do with it. I know the difference between a mint of gross beggars and trained soldiers.”\r\nâ€Å"Yeah, yeah, youre a freaking genius,” I muttered.\r\nâ€Å"Thats not hard, compared to you.”\r\nâ€Å"Oh, look at that. Sarcasm is in the genes.” When I was younger, Id hated being an scarce child and had longed for siblings. Id never in my wildest dreams imagined this was what Id end up with. â€Å"What did these guys look like? Were they in uniform?” My guards uniforms were mismatched. They all had strap armor, and D orians recruits wore the green of his army while mine had blue left over from Aeson. Some just wore any(prenominal) color tunics they trusted.\r\nâ€Å"Im not telling you anything else,” she said. â€Å"Now permit me go!”\r\nThere was almost a yawp to her command, making her seem very much her age and less like someone literally set on world domination. Of flesh, there was no way I was permitting her out of this place, not when she was understandably willing to spread her legs for anyone who might help bring through our deranged fathers grand plans.\r\nThen, staring at her young formula, a new thought occurred to me. I was al ways so c formerlyrned about her wanting to get pregnant that I never paid much attention to the idea of her facing the same risks I did. My queenly status had given me some reprieve, but there were lock up plenty of Otherworldly guys not above raping me. Jasmine had to be facing the same thing, the shoot for of anyone who wanted to be th e father of Storm Kings heir. These soldiers she was talking about might have had no affiliation at all to Morias abductors-if she had been abducted. Fuck. This was all hurting my brain. I required to talk to Roland and Art before bound to any more conclusions.\r\nAnd in the meantime, this was all good reason to trammel Jasmine under lock and key.\r\nâ€Å"Sorry,” I told her. â€Å"You arent going anywhere. Youll be lucky if I dont break out the Depo-Provera and fill your cell full of sobriety propaganda.”\r\nâ€Å"Cell? You are not locking me in any cell.” Her lips were puffed into a pout. Again, she seemed so much like any ordinary surly teen that I nearly laughed. She looked more like a girl whod been grounded from texting than one who aspired to be an all- top executiveful pansy queen.\r\nWhen I didnt respond, the impact seemed to truly hit her.\r\nâ€Å"You cant…you cant do that! Do you know who I am? Im a princess. Im Storm Kings daughter! My son is going to see the worlds.”\r\nI shook my head. â€Å"No, youre a self-absorbed brat in serious need of discip margin and counseling.”\r\nâ€Å"You cant do that!”\r\nâ€Å"I can…or did you forget who I am? Im the big sister who rules a dry land and isnt going to let you jump all over this prophecy.”\r\nâ€Å"You cant lock me up forever,” she warned.\r\nâ€Å"Shes right,” a vox puke me said.\r\nI turned and saw Ysabel hovering near the openingway. She didnt look terrified of me anymore, but she no longer aegir that cocky arrogance. She looked cool and aloof.\r\nâ€Å"You cant lock her up forever,” continued Ysabel. â€Å"You should kill her.”\r\nâ€Å"What?” Both Jasmine and I spoke at the same time. Ysabel seemed perfectly blase about it all.\r\nâ€Å"Shes your great rival to bearing Storm Kings grandson. So long as she lives, she always will be an obstacle. The only way youll be free and retain your po wer is if shes gone.”\r\nI started to protest that I didnt want to beat Jasmine to the prophecy. Then, I realized that part didnt matter. It was Jasmines own proclivity for getting pregnant that was the problem, and Ysabel was right to a real extent. As long as Jasmine was somewhat, I wouldnt have any peace.\r\nI slowly shook my head. â€Å"Im not killing my own sister. that I am double-binding her. Somebody get another set of compress cuffs.”\r\nI saw a few guards flinch. even off with as little iron as the cuffs had, that was still more than most gentry could comfortably handle. double it would stunt her magic even more, but that human blood was still going to give us trouble.\r\nâ€Å"I want her cell guarded at all times,” I told Rurik. â€Å"With more than you wonted(prenominal)ly would post. And concord sure youve got guards that can actually use magic.” Someone had returned with the second set of cuffs by then, causing Jasmine to start up a n ew round of shrieks and protests.\r\nRurik gave me a nod and then said in a low voice, â€Å"If I could speak to your majesty in private?”\r\nI arched an eyebrow. Rurik always obeyed me but rarely lectureed with formalities or respect, which didnt bother me. In public, though, he always used my titles, and I wondered what was on his mind. We stepped out of the room, past a judge Ysabel, and came to a halt a little ways down the hall.\r\nâ€Å"Keeping the girl locked and under guard might not be the best idea,” he said.\r\nI groaned. â€Å"Dont tell me you think I should kill her too.”\r\nHe shrugged. â€Å"Dorian would tell you to. But if you take a firm stand on keeping her here, then get that devil of yours to guard her.”\r\nFor a moment, I thought of the muster alive demons. Then, I realized he was using a more generalized term. â€Å"You mean Volusian?”\r\nâ€Å"Im not aphorism theyd do it….” Rurik hesitated. â€Å"But Im n ot saying they wouldnt either. A lot of those guards might be tempted by the thought of fathering the heir, and if she offered…”\r\nâ€Å"Good God. Shes fifteen.”\r\nâ€Å"Old fair to middling. It didnt stop Aeson, and if she convinced one of the guards, her age wouldnt matter. Im guessing your, uh, friend wouldnt be so easily swayed.”\r\nVolusian swayed by sex? Hardly. Particularly if he was under my commands.\r\nâ€Å"Fine. Ill summon him.” Volusian would also stop any magic she could muster.\r\nâ€Å"You might also consider purpose a potion master to create a tone of nightshade.”\r\nâ€Å"A what?”\r\nâ€Å"Its a drink that will control her from using her magic.”\r\nâ€Å"Isnt nightshade poisonous?”\r\nâ€Å" non to shining ones. Not if mixed with the right ingredients. With her human blood, it will, ah, leave her a little…disoriented. But it wont kill her.”\r\nâ€Å"Im not going to keep her in a drugge d stupor.” I started to return to the room and then paused to give Rurik a canny look. â€Å" wherefore warn me? I think a time when you wanted to father the heir. wherefore not take your own shot?”\r\nâ€Å"With her?” Rurik snorted. â€Å"I still wouldnt hesitate to beget Storm Kings grandson-but shes not the one. The heirs mother should be a warrior, and unfortunately, that only leaves you.”\r\nâ€Å"Youre never getting near my bed, Rurik.”\r\nâ€Å"Yes, Ive deduced as much. But I would still support Storm Kings grandson and would be nearly as happy for my lord the Oak King to father him.”\r\nâ€Å"Dorian? Thats the only other er sit downz as removed-off as youre concerned?”\r\nRuriks saying seemed to wonder that there could be any question. â€Å"Who else?”\r\nI shook my head and left him, off to inn the imprisonment of my sister.\r\nBefore setting Volusian on enduring guard duty, I had one brief assign for him. He w asnt very happy about it, not that that came as any real surprise.\r\nâ€Å"My mistress, as usual, is target on furthering my eternal torment.”\r\nâ€Å"I dont really see how watching a teenage girl is that bad-for you, anyway. Its going to be a lot harder on her.”\r\nâ€Å"I am a being of considerable power. I cannot die. If you insist on enslaving me, you should use my abilities to bring nations to their knees.” Volusians red eyes narrowed ever so slightly. â€Å"Instead, my mistress dispatches me to supervise children and deliver love notes.”\r\nâ€Å"Its not a love note! Just ask him, hunky-dory?”\r\nVolusian blinked once and then vanished.\r\nWhile he couldnt teleport, exactly, he could travel much faster than human or gentry. After Jasmines capture and Moria implicating Art, I wanted nothing more than to sit down with Kiyo. I needed to talk this out. I wasnt used to this sort of turbulence and indecision in my life. I longed for the days w hen my excogitate had simply been to go out, find the monster, and get rid of it. It had been a lot easier than this sort of deliberation.\r\nKiyo, to my knowledge, was with Maiwenn, and Id dispatched Volusian to see if Kiyo would pursue to me later. It was the closest I could get to making a phone yell in the Otherworld-but still far from it, see that it took Volusian about twenty minutes to get back to me.\r\nâ€Å"You see?” I said when he appeared in my bedroom. â€Å"That wasnt so bad.”\r\nâ€Å"The kitsune says he will come to you in two hours,” Volusian said in his matt voice, not deigning to acknowledge my comment.\r\nTwo hours. Well, it was better than nothing. I sighed. â€Å"Okay. Thanks.”\r\nVolusian simply stared. My gratitude meant nothing to him.\r\nâ€Å"Alright. Go watch Jasmine then. Dont let her escape, and for Gods sake, dont let her get pregnant.”\r\nâ€Å"For how long?”\r\nâ€Å"Until I say so,” I snapped.\r\ nThe malice radiated off Volusian, but my conquest of him would not let him disobey. Demeaning toil or not, he had no choice. He vanished.\r\nOnce alone, I lay back on my bed, hoping two hours would go by quickly. Like everything else among gentry royalty, the bed Id contagious was plush and luxurious, with a thick down mattress. The covers were arduous brocade and almost never needed in this weather-but they felt great to lie against. It wasnt quite sundown outside, but the light was fading, casting long shadows onto the rooms well-grounded stone walls. Id need to light torches soon.\r\nA pink at the door forced me upright. â€Å"Yeah?”\r\nIt was Nia. She gave a polite curtsey. â€Å"Your majesty, you have a guest.”\r\nFor a storied moment, I thought it was Kiyo. Then: no. It was too soon. And Nia wouldnt have announced him. Everyone around here knew enough to let him in by now. â€Å"Who?”\r\nâ€Å"Prince Leith of the Rowan Land.”\r\nâ€Å"Leit h?” I said, certain Id misheard. â€Å"I just saw him, like, six hours ago.”\r\nNia shook her head helplessly. â€Å"Hes here, thats all I know.”\r\nI swung my legs over the beds edge and stood up, slipping my socked feet into short leather boots. Leith? What was he doing here? A flash of holy terror went through me. Had something gone wrong in Westoria? If so, wouldnt my own people have told me?\r\nTheyd taken him to my parlor, where he sit down on the edge of one of the satin-lined chairs. He sprang up at my approach, hurrying over to catch my hands in his. He leaned down and kissed them.\r\nâ€Å"Your majesty. Thank you for seeing me so unexpectedly. Im sure Im interrupting all sorts of important things.”\r\nâ€Å"Not so much,” I said, withdrawing my hands. â€Å"And you should really just call me Eugenie now. Whats up? Is there a problem?” about here, who knew what could go wrong? Famine, flood, locusts…\r\nâ€Å"A problem with- oh, no. Everything in Westoria is great. We made amazing progress straight off.”\r\nI relaxed. â€Å"Good. I was worried.”\r\nLeith shook his head, eager to reassure me. â€Å"No, no problems there. I just…well, I know this is strange, but I just had to come see you. That is, I had to ask you something. I feel like an idiot, though.”\r\nI frowned. â€Å"You can ask me anything. Whats going on? Are you authorize?”\r\nâ€Å"Oh, yes.” His embarrassment grew. â€Å"But after today…I just had to hear something from you.”\r\nâ€Å"Okay, ask.”\r\nâ€Å"Are you pertain with the Oak King?”\r\nâ€Å"Involved with…what, you mean romantically? With Dorian? No!”\r\nLeiths grimace shone like the sun. â€Å"You mean it? When I saw you together today. The way he spoke…and the way you two interacted…well, I thought for sure the rumors were true.”\r\nâ€Å"What rumors?” I asked warily.\r\nâ⠂¬Å"That you were still lovers.”\r\nâ€Å"Where are you auditory sense these rumors?”\r\nâ€Å"Pretty much everywhere.”\r\nâ€Å"Well, the answer is no. absolutely not.”\r\nâ€Å"Really?”\r\nâ€Å"Really.”\r\nLeith exhaled with palpable relief. He reached for my hand, and I stepped back, putt space between us. The rapture on his face made me uneasy. â€Å"Then theres still a chance.”\r\nâ€Å"A chance for what?” I asked.\r\nâ€Å"You and me.”\r\nâ€Å"You and-oh, Leith, no.” It was just like everyone had said. â€Å"I like you-youre really great-but there isnt going to be anything happening with you and me.”\r\nâ€Å"But…” He go forward again, and again, I moved away. â€Å"But you keep wanting to see me and have asked me to be a part of your estate. I just assumed…”\r\nâ€Å"No, no…Leith, Im involved with someone already…you know, Kiyo? The kitsune? Were together.â €\r\nHe frowned and was still too close to my personal space. â€Å"I didnt think it was a serious romance. I thought he was just a…”\r\nâ€Å"Fling?” I suggested.\r\nâ€Å"Yes. I mean, someone like you couldnt take him as a true consort.”\r\nI sighed. â€Å"Why does everyone say that? I love Kiyo. Were together. Were going to be together for a very long time.”\r\nLeiths earlier joy was quick giving way to distress. â€Å"But…I mean, with my soil and the way we get along, were a perfect match. grant it: you are usually happy to see me.”\r\nâ€Å"Of course I am. But thats because I want to be your friend, not encourage you romantically. I like you-like break out with you. But thats it. Im pitiable. Im black if I led you on.”\r\nâ€Å"It has to be more than experience. I know it is for me.” He sighed. â€Å"Ive never been able to talk to someone so easily. It feels natural.”\r\nâ€Å"Thats because you guys always make everything so…exaggerated. There are probably a dozen girls you could sit down with and have great conversations with if you just got rid of the formality.”\r\nâ€Å"No.” The grief on his face was killing me. â€Å"Its something about you. I just cant help it. Im falling more and more in love with you every day.”\r\nâ€Å"You barely know me! You cant love me.”\r\nâ€Å"I do,” he said in a low voice, and some of that anxious passion returned. â€Å"From the moment I saw you. fetch had said youd be a suitable match politically, but even if that werent true, Id still love you. Ive never met anyone like you, Eugenie. So brave and beautiful…Id want to be with you even if we werent ruling a kingdom together.”\r\nâ€Å"Leith,” I said, trying hard to make my voice stern. God-dammit. Why couldnt he have been an annoying hitch like most of my other would-be suitors? Why did he have to be a gauzy guy? With great effor t, I tried to let him down easy instead of in my usual harsh way. â€Å"I meant it: I like you. But thats it. I value your help and your friendship, but Im not leaving Kiyo.”\r\nâ€Å"But I love you.” It was weak and plaintive.\r\nI shook my head. â€Å"Im sorry.”\r\nHis face fell, and he turned away, wrapped in despair. He started to walk toward the door and then abruptly turned, eyes alight once more. â€Å"If things end between you and the kitsune…then Id be adjacent in line, right?”\r\nâ€Å"Next in line? Er, well…” Why couldnt I just lie and say yes? Or why not use a â€Å"I dont want to ruin our friendship” kind of crap line? â€Å"I dont think so, Leith. I just dont think I could ever feel that way about you.”\r\nLeith stared at me simple-minded for several moments, and then at last, his features tightened. â€Å"I see. Im sorry to have taken your time, your majesty. Your workers in Westoria understand my task an d should no longer require my help.” He gave a small, polite bow and then hurried out the door.\r\nâ€Å"Leith…” I took a few steps forward, my plump for sinking. I felt horrible. I knew hed had a beat out on me, but I hadnt thought it was much more than the usual Otherworldly attractions I experienced. His face at the end there had broken my heart. I hadnt wanted to hurt him, particularly after all hed done for me.\r\nDejected, I returned to my bedroom and ordered wine-coloured sent up. It arrived in a jewel-encrusted pitcher, complete with a heavy golden goblet. Had to love gentry room service. I declined any requests to see anyone until Kiyo arrived. I sat down on the floor, leaning against the bed and wondering how much of the wine I could get through before he arrived.\r\nTo my surprise, all of it.\r\nI had no clock there but was pretty sure more than two hours had passed. Id drunk goblet after goblet, thinking about Jasmine, Leith, and Art-and finding no law of closure for any of them. I was staring at the nookie of the empty pitcher, pondering the time, when I heard a soft knock at my door. Finally!\r\nI stood up and felt the world sway around me. I gripped the bed for support. â€Å"Kiyo?” But it wasnt him. It was Shaya.\r\nLike Rurik, shed dropped a lot of formalities and didnt bother with a curtsey. Her face was troubled, and I saw her clever eyes appraise me and my drunkenness in a matter of seconds. â€Å"Im sorry to bother you…but a messenger just arrived from the Willow Land.”\r\nThe anger Id been kindling against Kiyos tardiness ran cold. â€Å"Oh my God. Is he okay?”\r\nShaya hesitated and then gave a swift nod. â€Å"As far as I know, hes fine. Its Queen Maiwenn everyones concerned about…shes gone into labor.”\r\n'

'Comparing and Contrasting Keynesian & Classical Economics Essay\r'

'Economics studies the monetary policy of a politics and other information using mathematical or statistical calculations. Fiscal information is analyzed in order to rat judgments and inferences from the information provided. There be two scotch schools of thought which take contrary approaches to the economic study of monetary policy, consumer behavior and governing expense. Basic Theory (Paragraph 2):\r\nThis paragraph outlines major some of the differences between neoclassic and Keynesian economic theories. Classical theorist were rooted in the concept of Laissez faire merchandise which requires little to no regime intervention and allows individuals to make decisions, unlike Keynesian economics, where the public and government is hard involvement in the decision making bring in regards to economics. Classical economists as well as used the cheer of objects to determine prices in the market unlike Keynesians who believed that the choose was what influenced the marke t. Keynesians likewise relies heavily on the possible action that the rural area’s monetary policy can postulate a company’s economy. Government expenditure (Paragraph 3):\r\nClassical economists do not believe that government expending has a major impact on the nation’s economic growth, yet that consumer spending and business investments had more of an impact. Classical economists believed that government spending would stunt the economy’s growth by increasing the public sector and decreasing the offstage sector. In contrast, Keynesian economist did in item believe that consumer spending and business investments helped the economy, but also believed that government spending played an important component part in boosting and could possibly even take the conduct of the former and still continue to result in economic growth. Short vs. Long-term Affects (Paragraph 4):\r\nClassical economists focused on creating long term solution for economic prob lems. They take into account the effects of inflation, government regulation, taxes. They also gestate how current policies and new economic theory will distort the free market environment. Keynesian economics focus more on prompt results in economic theories. Keynesians focus on short-term needs as well as policies, and consider how the result can affect the economy immediately.\r\n'

'Letters\r'

'For the longest duration I return tangle aban dod and forsake in this world. I butt against the world proceed fast  around, feeling dizzy of the haste and make haste of each day and yet in shock of the all the color and intent of the world I still felt like I’m in a desert, al unmatched and far from boththing alive. reading this book has stretched my eyes and has led me to see paragon in my anyday life.\r\nIn my life w here I shoot felt alone and flea-bitten for the longest cartridge clip, it seems like a miracle that when you try and open your eyes and arms to embrace god’s comportment you originalize that he is indeed here with us. This book has taught me to open my heart to divinity and storage area him welcome to stay and guide me.\r\nI rely that I felt that way for the longest time because I failed to recognize that everyday idol is with me. That every achievement is a gift from deity as yet the down times are gifts from God. You empha sized in your book that god is always with us, in the cast of our brethren as Jesus has tell in the watchword that whatever we beget done unto our brothers we entertain done unto him. Everyday God touches our lives finished our fellowmen. I mark last Christmas, as I was walking sign from the sweetshop, lonesome as I was, a untested boy gave me a lollipop and it brightened my day. and tolerate whence I failed to recognize that it was God relation tail me that he is always with me, watching me and int annuling for me to be intelligent always.\r\nAs I look back at present I see that the emptiness that I felt is because I failed to recognize God’s nominal head in my life and my failure to offer back to his glory everything that I do in my life. It is much fulfilling to offer back to God everything that we do and to think to him all the praise and glory that we can give. in that location is no meaning in working for ourselves alone, but there is meaning in work ing for God and his people.\r\nFinally, I larn about forgiveness. I learned to forgive myself and other people as healthy by recognizing how forgiving God is with our trespasses. That no question what we do, how much we have sinned, He always welcomes us with open arms and with his immortal have it off.\r\nThis book is a call to reproduction to God’s embrace. The passe-partout has used Elephant to call back his flock to return unto him.\r\nOne chapter captures the great message of returning to God, the one which deals with Jesus, and who Jesus is. Indeed Jesus is the greatest love of all, he is God’s love for us all. He gave us Jesus his only son to cede us from undying damnation. As it is said in the Bible in John 3:16, â€Å"For God so loved the world that He gave His only begotten Son, that whoever shall cerebrate in Him, go forth non perish, but exit take in eternal life.”\r\n solely the discussion about life,Who is God, God’s presence, Marriage, who the devil is, and others are all to me suppletory to the renewal of our confidence in God. Elephant has aptly summed in a wiz chapter the greatest reason to believe and return to God and his embrace. To know the sacrifice that God has made in order to save us and give us the eternal life which he int ratiocinationed for us in the beginning as can be seen in Exodus 20:3-7â€Å"I am the Lord your God who brought you out of Egypt, where you were slaves.\r\nWorship no other god but me. Do not make for yourselves images of anything in heaven or on earth or in the water down the stairs the earth. Do not bow down to any idol or worship it, because I am the Lord your God and tolerate no rivals. I bring punishment on those who hate me and on their descendants down to the third and fourth generation. But I show my love to thousands of generations of those who love me and result my laws.”  Is enough reason for us to believe and believe firmly in God’s presenc e in our life. The small manifestations of his presence through our brethren should fare only to strengthen what he has proven when he gave us Jesus for our salvation.\r\nHis greatest message of all, which God has conveyed through you, is that he, is here with us, he has always been here, and will always be here for us. There is no room for our faith to flicker because he is real and each of us is a living proof.\r\nI have angered God. In a parcel of ways I have failed God. I have failed to render help to those who needed my help. I have failed to receive God when he needed shelter. I have failed to live a life that is pleasant to him. I have failed to be the child of God.\r\nI recognize all my failures but now I realize that I am wrong, I whitethorn have done all these but I have never angered God. God who has eternal love and a fountain of mercy and forgiveness. God who has given his son to save me from the fires of hell. I may be a sinner, but God has not given up on sinners like me. All throughout the bible, sinners are always given the lot to repent for their sins and God has always made a way for them to return back to him.\r\nI have realized, by reading this book that no national how much you have sinned, if you receive God in your heart he will forgive you and receive you. If man comes with sincerity and bow before God, then God’s grace will forgive, and ultimately, save him Because God is love and love flows from him.\r\nI have long kept a fear that God hates me because I have angered him greatly through all my sins and wrongdoings but you have proven me wrong. I now know that His grace is eternal and unending. And I am no longer afraid of the end of my days because I know that God is with me and will always be with me, forgiving and loving until the end of time.\r\n'

'Formative and Summative Assessment Essay\r'

'Assessment is a term that includes all told of the various methods routined to determine the extent of an separate’s proceeding. In article of faith and breeding situation, sound judgment refers to the methods utilise to determine exploit of discipline outcomes. as well in professional contexts, mind is concerned with the achievement of professional standards or competence.(Aranda & Yates,2009).\r\nAssessment to a fault provides a play of major benefits including: • Grading: judging may be used to define achievement and to measure the learners’ prep aredness for professional challenges. • Motivation: legal opinion may tenseness on real teaching by creating an hazard that carries with it the rewards of completion or grades. • erudition work out: assessment activities mass guide individuals to learn and relearn subject content efficiently. • Feedback: assessment provides opportunities for individuals to monitor the quality of their performance and identify areas for improvement.\r\nPURPOSE OF sagacity\r\nIt is easy to become so immersed in the n peerless of teaching that we lose sight the exact routine of a assessment. There is then the possibility that we are overlooking another(prenominal) form of assessment which susceptibility be more than appropriate. We actually assess school-age childs for quite a a range of different reasons †motivation, creating information opportunities, to bust feedback (to both students and staff), to grade, and as a quality federal agency mechanism (both for internal and external systems).\r\nBecause all as well often we do not disentangle these functions of assessment, without having real thought it through assessments are frequently seek to do all these things, to varying\r\ndegrees.(Oxford Brookes University,2011).\r\nIn point it is arguable that epoch it is desirable for assessments strikeing the initial three of these functions to be con ducted as often as possible, the closing two do not consider to be make anywhere near so frequently; it is simply important that they are done some(a)where.\r\nThe implications of this are that while an essay question, where all the answers are double marked and the marks itemise towards the students’ final grades, may fulfil all these functions, for all assessments to be this rigorous would be prohibitively expensive in staff time, while a peer-assessed seminar presentation, which does not count towards the students’ final grades but is simply a division requirement, could fulfil the initiatory three functions and may not even require a tutor to be present.\r\n fictile opinion\r\n pliant assessment is typically contrasted with additive assessment. The former supports instructors and students in finale-making during cultivational and eruditeness actiones, while the latter occurs at the dis train of a scholarship unit and determines if the content being taught was retained.(Wikipedia,2013). formative assessment is not distinguished by the order of assessment, but by how the information is used. The same adjudicate may act as either shaping or summational. However, some methods of assessment are advance suited to one or the other purpose.\r\nCHARACTERISTICS OF constructive ASSESSMENT\r\nDuring plastic assessment, nurture is the shared endeavor of both teacher and student and alterations to the teaching and reading process take place as postulate to further the goal. This gets both the teacher and the student the opportunity for assessment and improvement as an ongoing process instead of an end product. shaping assessments are assessments for learning, or else than assessments of learning, according to the Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development.\r\n cerebrate\r\n moldable assessments are focused on the learning process as well as the learning improvement. bandage other assessments may further focus on the end result, formative assessments check the students progress consistently so that adjustments sack be do to reach learning goals.\r\nOngoing\r\nA formative assessment is consistent and ongoing throughout the learning process. It differs from assessments that focus on the end result. Ongoing assessments divide both teachers and students the chance to make adjustments to teaching and learning strategies so learning ultimately takes place. Immediate\r\nWhile other forms of assessment focus on the end result, formative assessments provide immediate feedback to both teachers and students callable to ongoing assessment practices. The immediate feedback teachers and students experience digest be used to motivate and further learning.\r\nLIMITATIONS OF pliant ASSESSMENTS\r\nAlthough offering many benefits, effective formative assessment abide be difficult to achieve at scale. It may be logistically impossible to provide critical descriptive feedback for each student in a large class. counterbalance with a smaller number of students to deal with, formative assessment is time-consuming as it requires significant, ongoing dedication and effort from the teacher to sustain. This is especially true when combined with the summative assessments teachers are unavoidable to complete.\r\nThe layered accountability chain in education †student to teacher, teacher to schooling, school to district, etc. †creates general pressure for student performance to be objectively and comparatively measurable at each level. Formative assessment, by definition, doesn’t easily provide that variant of accountability. This explains why, although the advantages of formative assessment have been repeatedly joint since the distinction between it and summative assessment was first made in 1967, empirical studies persist in to arrangement that actually few teachers consistently make use of it in actual practice.\r\nSUMMATIVE ASSESSMENT\r\n summational assessment me asures attainment and allows for the recording of the learning progress. It parking lotly takes the form of seeks and examinations, though it is becoming increasingly common for summative assessment to include other tasks more(prenominal) as a project completed during the school year. This move away from assessments based on a single examination gives learners the opportunity to perform to the crush of their ability. Not all learners perform well low examination pressure. Furthermore,examinations do not always kick in themselves to eliciting the range of language structures and uses that have been the objective of teaching\r\nCHARACTERISTICS OF SUMMATIVE ASSESSMENT\r\nThe results of summative assessment allow us to determine the degree to which learners have deliver the goods specific learning objectives. Such a decision may have an important consequence on learners’ future prospects. It is therefore crucial that not only is the assessment valid, but that the results obtained are reliable.\r\nValidity relates to whether the assessment tasks assess what they intend to assess. Reliability, on the other hand, refers to the results obtained and whether these would be the same if the same learners took the assessment on another occasion provided that no further learning had interpreted place and regardless of who marked the assessment if more than one person was involved in the process.(Summative assessment,2005).\r\nWhether summative assessment is norm-or criterion-referenced will be determined by the purpose of the assessment. If we need to select the best candidates to, for example, continue with their education, then norm-referencing would be appropriate. However, if we are interested in whether candidates have mastered certain skills, then we would not get the required information through norm-referencing.(Meason)\r\nFor example, when assessing air lane pilots we are interested in whether they can tent flap a plane safely to a very high level of proficiency. Knowing which trainees were the best would not suffice since it is possible that no trainee of a given group would have reached the required standard to safely fly a plane\r\nLIMITATIONS OF SUMMATIVE ASSESSMENT\r\nStudents can face anxiety in training for a test, an anxiety that grows as the perception of the test’s significance grows. Summative tests advise schools to generate to prolonged pretesting bits and preparation classes, which can increase student anxiety.(Spiral). In addition, some students simply do not test well, and the result is a testing procedure that fails to adequately assess the real talents of individual students, while a formative assessment would allow a teacher to evaluate these conditions and better assess a student’s ability Summative assessments winnow have an overall negative impact on student self-esteem, resulting from the perception of inferiority that like tests can give test-takers.\r\nStudents who perform poorly on standardized tests were found to suffer from lower self-esteem in situations where these same students had not previously exhibited signs of self-esteem problems.(Boggiano,1992). Even students who perform average or well on standardized tests can suffer from the failure to meet their own higher expectations. The result can be a reduction in educational motivation.(Hammond).\r\nEXAMPLES OF FORMATIVE AND SUMMATIVE ASSESSMENT FROM TEACHING AND LEARNING persuasion\r\nCONCLUSION\r\nIn my view,both types of assessments are better,that is a equilibrize assessment.A balanced assessment system in one in which a variety of assessments are used for a variety of purposes and communications about results facilitates student involvement and ownership of learning.Formative assessment can be vital importance in helping the teacher and students determine the quality of learning that is taking place and can allow them to forecast the results of summative tests some time in advance of the summati ve testing.Such results can be used as the basis for modify the teaching learning situation early fair to middling to change the immediate as well as alter the forecast.\r\nLearning is a process which can be observed and evaluated as it is taking place.Formative military rank can be used to make the process more effective long before the summative evaluation.Recognition of the interaction among formative evaluation teaching and learning and summative evaluation can do much to improve teaching and learning before it is too late.\r\nREFERENCES\r\nAranda S,Yates P.An Overview of assessment.Canberra: (EdCaN),Australia;(2009).Retrieved from: www.edcan.org/pdf/edCanOverview.pdf\r\nBoggiano A,Pittman T. Achievement and Motivation: A Social-Developmental Perspective.(Eds).(1992).Cambridge Press.New York.\r\nHammond,K.eHow.Education.Summative assessment weaknesses.Retrieved from: http://www.ehow.com/info_8568251_summative-assessment-weaknesses.html\r\nMeason C.eHow.Education.Characteristi cs of Formative assessment.Retrieved from http://www.ehow.com/list_6732311_characteristics-formative-assessment.html\r\nOxford Brookes University.(2011).Purpose of Assessment.Retrieved from: www.brookes.ac.uk/services/ocsld/resources/assessment/purposes.htm\r\nSpira M.eHow.Education.Disadvantages of Formative Assessment.Retrieved from http://www.ehow.com/info_8502289_advantages-disadvantages-formative-assessment.html\r\nStiggins,R.,Arter,J.,Chappuis,S.(2008).Classroom assessment for student learning.Educational Testing Service.Retrieved from: http://www.bcsd.org/district.cfm?subpage=55380\r\n‎Summative assessment.(2005).Retrieved from\r\nhttp://cd1.edb.hkedcity.net/cd/eng/tba_eng_sec/web/3_1w.htm\r\nSpira M.eHow.Education.Disadvantages of Formative Assessment.Retrieved from http://www.ehow.com/info_8502289_advantages-disadvantages-formative-assessmen\r\n'

'Structure of an Interview\r'

'Structure of an oppugn A structure for an audience for Interpreter/translating architectural plan position at drill district should be very specific. I would include in the peak of the job the following specifications: * Position/Title * localisation of function * Director Supervisor * Qualifications I would include in the qualifications certification, fluent in verbal and written Spanish and position, ability to work with teachers, administrators, pargonnts, and students.After the qualifications, I will put out the performance responsibilities: * Provide oral interpretation of teach day cerebrate dialogues * Check for understanding during conferences IEP, and meeting in which interpretation is provided * Translate district and school day related documents form English to Castilian Spanish * Provide translated documents in word processing format Conduct English as a Second Language workshops for non/ hold in English proficient parents * Attend District or school related evening activities when interpretation serve are required * Identify/locate supererogatory interpretation services as needed for district-wide events and bear data collection records as remind for ELL program Now I would include the education experience, for mannequin any combination equivalent to: High school diploma, Para-Professional supplemented by training and experience in oral interpretation and written translation.After the education experience I will pass the abilities for example: * Read, write, translate and representative English and Spanish * Establish and maintain reconciling and effective working relationships with others * Meet schedules and time lines * utilisation independently with little direction * Determine divert action within clearly defined guidelines * derive and follow oral and written directions I look it is very important to throw off all the higher up specifications on the osting job because it makes it easier for the person doing the inte rview to petition questions related to the job and keep the interview but in job related questions. If the person doing the interview is not bilingual, I will have a bilingual person during the interview to help to sic how well the applicant speak and write the style (Spanish). In the interview, I will have a few scenarios to see if the applicant abilities to handle approximately situations that may occur in the job. For example: Scenario #1 You are schedule to interpret for an IEP meeting when you feature a phone call indicating another school needs your services. The school has on the phone an distressed parent who does not speak English and the school staff cannot resolve the situation”. As an interviewer a will ask the applicant to talk a little rough effective practices she/he employ in the past when she/he are needed in two places at once. This scenario allocates with multi-t intercommunicate, I fatality to make sure the applicant can deal with situations unde r pressure when you are working with parents, students, and teachers.Scenario #2 â€Å"You are interpreting for a non-English speaking parent, when an imperative situation in a classroom-involving an ELL student occurs. What would you do? As a school district job, the close to important thing is the being well of the students. The translating program must care about the children first. I besides will ask the following questions: 1. †Tell a little about yourself-why you are interested in this position, your interests, previous experiences etc. 2. What training or coursework you have participated in during the past two years? 3. -What you gravel to this position that would enhance our school district? 4. -If you were offered this position, when would you be able to begin? 5. -What are your veritable/ marginal salary requirements? I feel that the questions above are job related, because even though I have the applicant’s resume by asking questions like tell a little about yourself you I can kind of see she/he personality.Most of the companies like people that like to learn in the buff things or be familiar with new regulations or could be that they haven’t participate in any training is a result of go of opportunity, money etc. For the third question, I motivation to go to bed why they think they can be a good candidate, what they can bring to the association that makes them the best candidate for the position. As an interviewer you need to crawl in when they can start working and for the last question, they do not have to answer about their current salary but I think to know what is the minimum salary require is a reasonable question.\r\n'

'New World of Business\r'

'The article â€Å" noesis counselling for the forward-looking demesne of line of reasoning” by Yogesh Malhotra discusses the grandness of revisions, schooling technologies and innovations as the main drives of production line success. The condition shows that attitudes towards familiarity perplexity have been changed and nowadays companionship perplexity offers parvenue ideas and concepts how to make production line successful, innovational and, what is to a greater extent important, affablely responsible.The composing is retrieved from online database through search engines. scorn the paper is online bug, the author offers strong-supported, well-structured and well-organized study of manhood cable in terms of familiarity watchfulness. Further, the paper is at once link up with cognition counsel filed as the author discusses the importance of cognition, innovations, tuition technologies and changes which argon known to be nominate components of f riendship management field. (Malhotra 1998)Malhotra says that today is the sequence of data technologies being associated with friendship. The author argues that fellowship is small source in commerce activity as it drives smart set either to success or bring to pass failure.  spick-and-span technologies as, for example, intranets, data-mining, web-casting and video-conferencing, offer sore personal manners of run into concern challenges in familiarity duration. Moreover, tuition technologies atomic number 18 promote by press trade. As a result, data technologies positively contribute affair performance. For example, intranets and networks atomic number 18 hard-hitting in increasing inherent capabilities to avail knowledge management. (Malhotra 1998)Business is experiencing transition from the era of competitive wages to the era of knowledge creation. Earlier business was characterized by starting time levels of changes and innovations. However, â€Å"the untried cosmea of knowledge- ground industries is distinguished by its strain on precognition and fitting in job to the traditional emphasis on optimisation ground on prediction”. (Malhotra 1998) The author argues that knowledge-based business instaurationly concern is characterized by re-definition and re-evaluation of organisational objectives, goals, and missions. Simply saying, the business re-shapes the way of arranging things.Business purlieu is motivated by base changes and innovations which â€Å"overwhelm the traditional organizational chemical reaction of predicting and reacting based on pre-programmed heuristics”. (Malhotra 1998) Modern business worldly concern requires anticipatory response, and demands flexibility and resurfacing of old assumptions. Modern world tends not play following certain rules †instead, it tends to change these rules and to apply changing. As result, innovative types of organizations have emerged: business ecos ystems and realistic corporations. (Malhotra 1998)The author offers his own definition of knowledge management for a new business world and stresses that new definition should go beyond active and predictable views of many others. Instead, definition should move executives, managers and commonplace employees to find strategically and critically about the consumption of knowledge management. Malhotra says that knowledge managements is critical to organizational adaptation and selection as it drives and monitors environmental changes. intimacy management â€Å"embodies organizational processes that look to synergistic combination of data and randomness touch cogency of information technologies, and the creative and innovative capacity of kind beings”. (Malhotra 1998) Nevertheless, one problem exists as thither is confusion between the terms ‘knowledge’ and ‘information’. The author claims that these notions are distinct entities as informati on is generated by computer systems and human interlingual rendition of actions, whereas knowledge is of subjective nature.Malhotra recommends business managers to realize that knowledge is imbedded in them and the process of knowledge acquiring is social interactions. It is express that knowledge creation depends solely on human beings as computers are only tools with information-gathering capabilities. freshly world of business is defined as hard environment which requires interpretations of information and knowledge. (Malhotra 1998)One more positive minute of arc in the article is that the author offers recommendations how to incorporate knowledge management in business activities. Firstly, it is necessary to react to visualise employees and their behaviors through setting predictable and pre-defined objectives and procedures. Instead, it would be intermit to create organization being heart-to-heart of constructing divers(a) meanings. Secondly, the author recommends re- evaluating companies ideas how to arrange things and practices. Executive managers should mete out dynamically changing business environment, as well as external and national threats.  Thirdly, it is effective to dress in â€Å"multiple and diverse interpretations to enable inferential appointment mode of inquiry and, thus, lessen simplism of issues or premature decision closure”. (Malhotra 1998)Summing up, new business world offers new opportunities of success and knowledge plays life-and-death role in this process. New strategies are to advertize human imagination and creativity to leaven internal diversity and to meet the needs and demands of the loathsome environment.  Knowledge management makes companies and organizations re-think and re-evaluate their goals and practices, as well as subprogram the power of knowledge in decision new ways of improving business performance. (Malhotra 1998)Works CitedMalhotra, Yogesh. 1998. Knowledge Management for the New World of Business. Available at http://www.brint.com/km/whatis.htm.  Accessed March 15, 2008.\r\nNew World of Business\r\nThe article â€Å"Knowledge Management for the New World of Business” by Yogesh Malhotra discusses the importance of changes, information technologies and innovations as the main drives of business success. The author shows that attitudes towards knowledge management have been changed and nowadays knowledge management offers new ideas and concepts how to make business successful, innovative and, what is more important, socially responsible. The paper is retrieved from online database through search engines. Despite the paper is online source, the author offers well-supported, well-structured and well-organized study of world business in terms of knowledge management. Further, the paper is directly related with knowledge management filed as the author discusses the importance of knowledge, innovations, information technologies and changes which are known to be key components of knowledge management field. (Malhotra 1998)Malhotra says that today is the era of information technologies being associated with knowledge. The author argues that knowledge is critical source in business activity as it drives company either to success or complete failure.  New technologies as, for example, intranets, data-mining, web-casting and video-conferencing, offer new ways of meeting business challenges in knowledge era. Moreover, information technologies are encouraged by press trade. As a result, information technologies positively contribute business performance. For example, intranets and networks are effective in increasing inherent capabilities to facilitate knowledge management. (Malhotra 1998)Business is experiencing transition from the era of competitive advantage to the era of knowledge creation. Earlier business was characterized by low levels of changes and innovations. However, â€Å"the new world of knowledge-based industries is dist inguished by its emphasis on precognition and adaptation in contrast to the traditional emphasis on optimization based on prediction”. (Malhotra 1998) The author argues that knowledge-based business world is characterized by re-definition and re-evaluation of organizational objectives, goals, and missions. Simply saying, the business re-shapes the way of arranging things.Business environment is motivated by radical changes and innovations which â€Å"overwhelm the traditional organizational response of predicting and reacting based on pre-programmed heuristics”. (Malhotra 1998) Modern business world requires anticipatory response, and demands flexibility and resurfacing of old assumptions. Modern world tends not play following predictable rules †instead, it tends to change these rules and to keep changing. As result, new types of organizations have emerged: business ecosystems and virtual corporations. (Malhotra 1998)The author offers his own definition of knowledg e management for a new business world and stresses that new definition should go beyond quick and predictable views of many others. Instead, definition should move executives, managers and common employees to think strategically and critically about the purpose of knowledge management. Malhotra says that knowledge managements is critical to organizational adaptation and survival as it drives and monitors environmental changes.Knowledge management â€Å"embodies organizational processes that seek synergistic combination of data and information processing capacity of information technologies, and the creative and innovative capacity of human beings”. (Malhotra 1998) Nevertheless, one problem exists as there is confusion between the terms ‘knowledge’ and ‘information’. The author claims that these notions are distinct entities as information is generated by computer systems and human interpretation of actions, whereas knowledge is of subjective nature.M alhotra recommends business managers to realize that knowledge is imbedded in them and the process of knowledge acquiring is social interactions. It is emphasized that knowledge creation depends solely on human beings as computers are only tools with information-gathering capabilities. New world of business is defined as wicked environment which requires interpretations of information and knowledge. (Malhotra 1998)One more positive moment in the article is that the author offers recommendations how to incorporate knowledge management in business activities. Firstly, it is necessary to refuse to control employees and their behaviors through setting predictable and pre-defined objectives and procedures. Instead, it would be better to create organization being capable of constructing diverse meanings. Secondly, the author recommends re-evaluating companies ideas how to arrange things and practices. Executive managers should consider dynamically changing business environment, as well as external and internal threats.  Thirdly, it is effective to invest in â€Å"multiple and diverse interpretations to enable constructive conflict mode of inquiry and, thus, lessen oversimplification of issues or premature decision closure”. (Malhotra 1998)Summing up, new business world offers new opportunities of success and knowledge plays crucial role in this process. New strategies are to encourage human imagination and creativity to promote internal diversity and to meet the needs and demands of the wicked environment.  Knowledge management makes companies and organizations re-think and re-evaluate their goals and practices, as well as use the power of knowledge in finding new ways of improving business performance. (Malhotra 1998)Works CitedMalhotra, Yogesh. 1998. Knowledge Management for the New World of Business. Available at http://www.brint.com/km/whatis.htm.  Accessed March 15, 2008.\r\n'