harmful effects of Long-term alcohol abuse

Chronic alcohol drop irritates the lining of the digestive tract (Perkins, 1992, 22). The membranes of the mouth and pharynx argon irritated, leaving the alcohol abuser susceptible to mouth and throat cancer, especially since people who use alcohol also ordinarily smoke. The venter lining becomes inflamed, leading to gastritis, and the drudgery of excess stomach demigod, which can result in the arrangement of gastric ulcers when the acid eats finished the stomach lining.

The liver is involved in processing fats, sugars, proteins, and vitamins, and in regulating blood clotting, and it plays an important theatrical role in the body's defense mechanisms, filtering toxins and microbes from the bloodstream, and responding to stress, trauma, and fervor (Tenth, 2000, 27). The liver has a rum power of regeneration, solely severe liver indisposition is life-threatening, and semipermanent alcohol abuse is the leading cause of illness and closing from liver disease in the unite States. Women develop waterspout hepatitis and cirrhosis frequently sooner than men by abusing alcohol, and from ingesting much smaller quantities of alcohol.

Alcohol abuse leads to three forms of liver disease: fatty liver, which can be reversed if alcohol white plague ceases; alcoholic hepatitis, characterized by persistent inflammation of the liver; and cirrhosis, which is characterized by a progressive scarring of liver tissu

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People who chronically abuse alcohol experience from an increased susceptibility to bacterial pneumonia, pulmonary tuberculosis, and hepatitis C (Tenth, 2000, 28). Hepatitis C is the leading cause for liver transplantation in the United States. Heavy alcohol consumption whitethorn increase the risk of HIV infection. Studies in animals suggest that alcohol impairs the function of monocytes and whitethorn reduce the number of immune prison cells. Neutrophils in alcohol-fed animals ingest bacteria, but do not kill all pneumonia causing bacteria. It inhibits neutrophil migration in humans.

Endotoxin-induced cytokine secretion in human lungs is decreased by alcohol intake, and this may increase the susceptibility of alcohol abusers to bacterial pneumonia.

Tenth Special Report to the United States Congress on Alcohol and Health. (2000). Medical consequences of alcohol abuse. Alcohol Research and Health, 24(1):27-31.

e (Tenth, 2000, 27). People who abuse alcohol over the long-term may have more than one of these forms of liver disease: near 60 percent of people with a combination of cirrhosis and alcoholic hepatitis die within four years. Prolonged inflammation of the liver, which is intended to prevent the spread of localized injury, results in the production of chemicals known as cytokines, which attract cells of the immune system and resurrect scar formation. Chronic inflammation, and the resultant chronic production of cytokines, leads to cell death.

As far as skeletal effects be concerned, as well as the risk of broken study due to impaired balance and gait, alcoholics suffer from a infer reduced bone mass, resulting in more fragile study (Tenth, 2000, 31). Chronic heavy drinking can lead to osteoporosis. dry bone disease also involves suppression of bone formation but normal bone resorption, leading to weaker bones. Alcohol may interfere directly with bone metabolism, or indirectly through its
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