Digestive System and How It Works

This layer as well as contains a nedeucerk of nerves - Auerbach's plexus (the myenteric plexus) which lies between the twain energy layers. Together with Meissner's plexus, Auerbach's plexus controls movements of the digestive tract, stimulated by the parasympathetic tense system nervous system and inhibited by the sympathetic nervous system.

d The outermost layer of the digestive system is called the adventitia above the diaphragm and the serosa below the diaphragm. The adventitia is undisturbed of connective tissue, and the serosa has a layer pf epithelium diligence the connective tissue layer. It secretes serous fluid to lubricate the font AB organs so they move smoothly against each other.

38.6 The muscularis externa of the allow contains three muscle layers instead of the two found in the remainder of the digestive tract (335). As well as the outer longitudinal layer, and the inner nib layer, there is an catacorner muscle layer located innermost between the circular layer and the submucosa. The function of the oblique muscle layer is to work another dimension to the mixing motion of the stomach.

38.7 The epithelium in the esophagus is severalize squamous, and the epithelium in the stomach is frank columnar, so there is an abrupt transition between the two types at the gastroesophageal junction (Bloom and Fawcett, 1968, 544). The esophagus has a stratified squamous epithelium because it transports food rapidly from the pharynx to the stomach and is and then subject t

Cl- - passive compactness to blood capillaries

b gastrin - produced by endocrine cells in the line drive of the stomach, gastrin stimulates he secretion of gastric juice containing hydrochloric acid and pepsinogen. turn out distention sends signals to the brain which activates the gastric glands via the vagus nerve

38.25 The liver is unlit red in the living animal because the oxygenated blood brought to the liver by the hepatic artery mixes with the deoxygenated blood brought to the liver from the digestive tract by the hepatic portal vein as the blood from both sources flows through the sinusoids toward the central vein.

38.

17 The dental regulation 2,1,2,3/2,1,2,3 x 2 = 32 means that the person has two incisors, one canine, 2 premolars and 3 molars in the upper dress down at one side, and the same number of each type of tooth in the lower jaw at that side (Dentition, 2004). The summarise number of odontiasis for one side of the mouth is 16, and this is cipher by 2 to get the total number of teeth in the mouth, 32. This count represents a perfect set of stable teeth. The count for the broad-leafed teeth would be: 2,1,2,0/2,1,2,0 x 2 = 20 because no molars are present in the deciduous teeth.

39.3 Hydrolases are enzymes which use water to split molecules (Applegate, 2000, 345). They are a special group of transferase enzymes in which the donor group is transferred to water (Devlin, 1997, 132). Proteolytic enzymes are a special class of hydrolases called peptidases, which dumbfound a peptide bond.

39.8 Bile acts as an emulsifying agent, breaking down biggish fat molecules into small fat droplets which makes them more accessible to enzymes for digestion. It also promotes the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins and the end products of fat digestion. Bile salts act on cholesterol and makes it more soluble before it is excreted in the bile.

39.12a monosaccharides - nimble absorption (except fructose, which moves by facilitated diffusion) to blood capillaries (347)
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